1. Development and Survival 1100 - 1187
Assess the view that …. was the main reason for the survival of…

2. Muslim rivalries Crusade of Faint Hearted Keep divided or else
Baldwin II with Syrians to fight Aleppo
Keeping disunity did cause problems ie battle of Menbij = Rid + Tan v Jewali + Bal
Damascus did not like northern Muslims and this helps C.S. to survive
Need to keep Egypt out of Sunni hands
Reynald
Pools of Goliath(1183)
Jihad

3. Rulers Godfrey – defeated Fatimids at E, but dies before foundations
Baldwin I – set up govt, gained Arsuf, Beirut, Acre. Diambert. Nepotism
Baldwin II – supports Military Orders. Azaz
Fulk – strong,wealthy, supported other crusader states. Alliance with Damascus
Baldwin III – captured Ascalon, allied to Damascus
Amalric – Egypt
Baldwin IV – Montgisard(1177), free trade with Saladin

4. Manpower Diplomacy better than fight – ally to towns
Ramla- won but costly
Azaz(1125) – showed that could come together to survive but not possible always
Divisions in Jerusalem = Guy + Conrad
Ascalon = safer for pilgrims
Failure of 2nd Crusade = fewer pilgrims
Field of Blood(1119) = disaster, R of Sic v Ilghazi

5. Western aid
Venice and Italian traders = supplies, men protection from E and they helped capture Tyre
Byzantine support but uneven
Faint Hearted = disaster
Ascalon was useful
Stories of hardship were not an encouragement for others

6. Castles Prob was defence of outlying areas Fewer men needed to protect
Hospitallers worked from here
Overcomes climate and terrain
Krac de Chevalier controlled route btw Antioch and Beirut
Could avoid pitched battles
Fulk built 3 to protect v Egypt
Also Kerak protected south of Jerusalem
Became admin centres

7. Military Orders/Finance
Pilgrims were robbed etc
K.T. and H = protection
Set up financial security
Helped bring money and trade, this also pleased locals
Took control of castles
Medical support
Helped Richard on way to Jaffa
Questions asked though at Damascus
Supported Reynald and attack on Hattin – oh dear
Teutonic Knights

8. Succession Bald I = no kids but sorted with quick choice
Bald II = only girls – Fulk
Melisende regent for young Bald III
Amalric married woman already married and accession in doubt but consanguinity
Bald IV = leper = probs
Bald V = young and died aged 8
Sibylla now takes over, crowned husband Guy as King and lots of issues follow – Conrad…