1. Review for Unit #1 Test

2. Classical Liberalism vs. 20th Century Liberalism
Classical liberalism is basically the belief in LIBERTY
LIBERTY means INDEPENDENCE, FREEDOM,
The political philosophy of Thomas Jefferson and the signers of the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution, the Federalist Papers
Classical Liberals believed in economic liberties

3. Classical Liberalism vs. 20th Century Liberalism
20th century liberals did not believe in economic liberties
20th Century liberals believed that it is not a violation of any FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT to regulate ANYTHING in the ECONOMIC SPHERE
For example, gov. can regulate where people work, what wages they work for, when they work, what they can buy, what they can sell, etc.

4. FDR 1944 State of the Union Address
FDR was a 20th Century liberal
Called for a second “Bill or Rights” which implied more government action with respect to the economy= bigger government= less economic freedom
For example, the right of every family to a decent home

5. Substantive vs. Procedural Rights
Substantive rights are basic human rights possessed by people in an ordered society and includes rights granted by natural law as well as the substantive law. Substantive rights involve a right to the substance of being human (life, liberty, happiness), rather than a right to a procedure to enforce that right.
It comes down to negative/positive obligation.

6. Substantive vs. Procedural Rights
WHAT DOES THE WORD OBLIGATION MEAN?

7. Substantive vs. Procedural Rights
SUBSTANTIVE RIGHTS= NEGATIVE OBLIGATION
PROCEDURAL RIGHTS= POSITIVE OBLIGATION

8. Right to Free Speech-Substantive
NEGATIVE OBLIGATION
Obligation on part of others not to interfere with your speaking .
POSITIVE OBLIGATION
Obligation to provide you with a platform, microphone, and audience.
The right to free speech implies a negative obligation on the part of others not to interfere with your speaking

9. Right to vote- procedural
NEGATIVE
POSITIVE
Obligation to provide you with a polling place, printed ballot, day to vote.
The right to free speech implies a negative obligation on the part of others not to interfere with your speaking

10. 5 Characteristics of Classical Liberalism
1. Limited government- government is kept to a minimum size

11. 5 Characteristics of Classical Liberalism
2. Rule of Law- the principle that all people and institutions are subject to and accountable to law that is fairly applied and enforced

12. 5 Characteristics of Classical Liberalism
3. Avoidance of arbitrary or discretionary power

13. 5 Characteristics of Classical Liberalism
4. Sanctity of private property and freely made contracts

14. 5 Characteristics of Classical Liberalism
5. Personal Responsibility- The idea that humans choose, instigate, or otherwise cause their own actions

15. What are natural rights?
?????? Vocabulary ………………

16. Political ideology vs. Political culture
Political ideology- a comprehensive set of beliefs about the nature of people and about the role of government.
Political culture- the WIDELY SHARED beliefs, values, and norms about how citizens RELATE to government and ONE ANOTHER.

17. Political Ideology
Liberalism- a set of beliefs that includes the advocacy of positive government action to improve the welfare of individuals, support for civil rights, and tolerance for political and social change

18. Political Ideology
Conservatism- A set of beliefs that includes a limit for the national government in helping individuals, support for traditional values and lifestyles, and a cautious response to change.

19. Political Ideology
Libertarianism – a political ideology based on skepticism or opposition towards almost all government activities.

20. Indirect democracy Citizens elect representative to govern
=same thing as a REPUBLIC