1. LECTURE 8: “TEXT”

2. I M A G E a visual representation of something
T E X T a written representation of something

3. Joseph Kosuth, One and three chairs, 1965

4. James Montgomery Flagg, “US Army Recruitment Poster,” 1917

5. Ihap Hulusi,
Eroin ve akibeti,
ca. 1940

6. “illuminated
manuscripts,”
from the
13th century

7. Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphs on the Obelisk of Tuthmosis III, Istanbul, TURKEY

8. Japanese “Kanji” writing

9. “Square Kufic” Arabic script

10. “Zeynel Bey Mausoleum,”
Allah
Muhammad
Ali
“Zeynel Bey Mausoleum,”
Hasankeyf, TURKEY, 1473

11. Bülent Erkmen, “Frankfurt Book Fair Logo,” 2008

12. calligraphy (from Greek: “kallos” beauty + “graphẽ” writing)

13. MACKIE, NEW YORK SUBWAY GRAFFITI, 1978 (+ Fresk, Izmir 2014)

14. Guillaume Apollinaire, “Il Pleut” (“It’s Raining”), 1918
It’s raining women’s voices as if they had died even in memory And it’s raining you as well marvelous encounters of my life O little drops Those rearing clouds begin to neigh a whole universe of auricular cities Listen if it rains while regret and disdain weep to an ancient music Listen to the bonds fall off which hold you above and below
Guillaume Apollinaire,
“Il Pleut” (“It’s Raining”), 1918

16. American Institute of Graphic Arts, “Passenger/Pedestrian Oriented Symbols,” 1972

17. Otl Aicher, “Pictograms for the Munich Olympics,” 1972

19. Roy Lichtenstein, WHAAM, 1963

20. Barbara Kruger,
Untitled artworks, 1980s

21. Jenny Holzer, “Guggenheim Installation,” 1990

22. Jenny Holzer, “For the Guggenheim,” 2008

23. Ayşe Erkmen, Am Haus, Berlin 1994
Ayşe Erkmen, Am Haus, Berlin 1994

24. Robert Venturi and Denise Scott-Briown, “Lehigh Valley Hospital,” Pennsylvania, USA, 2005

25. KOÇTAŞ Group, Exterior and Interior Signage, 2008

26. Chevrolet Motor Company, “Bel Air,” 1956

27. Palette Industries, “Dharma Chair,” 2008
(The chair writes: STAND, FORGET, BREATHE, KNOWLEDGE, OBSERVE)

28. Little Factory Design Group, “Letter Scarves,” 2008