1. © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

2. alimentary canal; accessory digestive organ
The esophagus is a part of the _______, while the pancreas is considered a(n) _______ when it comes to the digestive system.
alimentary canal; accessory digestive organ
stomach; propulsion organ
accessory organs; alimentary canal component
pharynx; mechanical digestive organ
Answer: a. alimentary canal; accessory digestive organ
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3. alimentary canal; accessory digestive organ
The esophagus is a part of the _______, while the pancreas is considered a(n) _______ when it comes to the digestive system.
alimentary canal; accessory digestive organ
stomach; propulsion organ
accessory organs; alimentary canal component
pharynx; mechanical digestive organ
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4. The majority of absorption occurs in the _______.
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
mouth
Answer: b. small intestine
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5. The majority of absorption occurs in the _______.
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
mouth
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6. The majority of _________ occurs in the mouth, stomach, and small intestine.
ingestion
chemical digestion
mechanical digestion
absorption
Answer: c. mechanical digestion
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7. The majority of _________ occurs in the mouth, stomach, and small intestine.
ingestion
chemical digestion
mechanical digestion
absorption
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8. chemoreceptors in the gut the enteric nerve plexus all of the above
Stimuli that regulate gastrointestinal tract activity are generated by _________.
the CNS
chemoreceptors in the gut
the enteric nerve plexus
all of the above
Answer: d. all of the above
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9. chemoreceptors in the gut the enteric nerve plexus all of the above
Stimuli that regulate gastrointestinal tract activity are generated by _________.
the CNS
chemoreceptors in the gut
the enteric nerve plexus
all of the above
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10. Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa
Choose the answer that lists the four layers of the wall of the alimentary canal in the appropriate order from innermost to outermost.
Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa
Submucosa, mucosa, serosa, muscularis externa
Serosa, mucosa, muscularis externa, submucosa
Muscularis externa, submucosa, serosa, mucosa
Answer: a. Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa
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11. Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa
Choose the answer that lists the four layers of the wall of the alimentary canal in the appropriate order from innermost to outermost.
Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa
Submucosa, mucosa, serosa, muscularis externa
Serosa, mucosa, muscularis externa, submucosa
Muscularis externa, submucosa, serosa, mucosa
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12. Which of the following types of epithelial tissues is most predominant throughout the digestive tract?
Simple squamous
Stratified squamous
Simple columnar
Simple cuboidal
Answer: c. Simple columnar
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13. Which of the following types of epithelial tissues is most predominant throughout the digestive tract?
Simple squamous
Stratified squamous
Simple columnar
Simple cuboidal
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14. stimulatory; inhibitory rapid; long lasting inhibitory; stimulatory
In general, parasympathetic inputs to the gut are _________, while sympathetic inputs are _________.
stimulatory; inhibitory
rapid; long lasting
inhibitory; stimulatory
hormonal; neural
Answer: a. stimulatory; inhibitory
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15. stimulatory; inhibitory rapid; long lasting inhibitory; stimulatory
In general, parasympathetic inputs to the gut are _________, while sympathetic inputs are _________.
stimulatory; inhibitory
rapid; long lasting
inhibitory; stimulatory
hormonal; neural
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16. Chemical digestion is initiated in the _________.
mouth
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
Answer: a. mouth
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17. Chemical digestion is initiated in the _________.
mouth
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
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18. Parasympathetic activity stimulates salivation.
Why does your mouth suddenly “go dry” when you are about to deliver a presentation to a large crowd?
Parasympathetic activity stimulates salivation.
Parasympathetic activity inhibits salivation.
Sympathetic activity stimulates salivation.
Sympathetic activity inhibits salivation.
Answer: d. Sympathetic activity inhibits salivation.
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19. Parasympathetic activity stimulates salivation.
Why does your mouth suddenly “go dry” when you are about to deliver a presentation to a large crowd?
Parasympathetic activity stimulates salivation.
Parasympathetic activity inhibits salivation.
Sympathetic activity stimulates salivation.
Sympathetic activity inhibits salivation.
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20. Most teeth are primarily composed of _________.
enamel
pulp
dentin
cementum
Answer: c. dentin
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21. Most teeth are primarily composed of _________.
enamel
pulp
dentin
cementum
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22. What is a possible side effect of weakening of the cardiac sphincter?
Acid reflux into the esophagus
Uncontrollable bowel movements
Heart attack
Rapid overfilling of the stomach
Answer: a. Acid reflux into the esophagus
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23. What is a possible side effect of weakening of the cardiac sphincter?
Acid reflux into the esophagus
Uncontrollable bowel movements
Heart attack
Rapid overfilling of the stomach
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24. _______ involves over 22 muscle groups and includes the buccal phase and the pharyngeal-esophageal phase.
Mastication
Bolus formation
Deglutition
Peristalsis
Answer: c. Deglutition
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25. _______ involves over 22 muscle groups and includes the buccal phase and the pharyngeal-esophageal phase.
Mastication
Bolus formation
Deglutition
Peristalsis
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26. The stomach is able to expand nearly 80 times its empty volume partly due to _______ in its walls.
microvilli
rugae
plicae circulares
haustra
Answer: b. rugae
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27. The stomach is able to expand nearly 80 times its empty volume partly due to _______ in its walls.
microvilli
rugae
plicae circulares
haustra
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28. This patient is training for a triathlon.
A patient with a low RBC count receives vitamin B12 injections every 2 weeks. Why?
This patient is training for a triathlon.
This patient is anemic and has low iron.
Parietal cells in this patient’s stomach have ceased producing intrinsic factor.
This patient’s parietal cells have stopped secreting HCl.
Answer: c. Parietal cells in this patient’s stomach have ceased producing intrinsic factor.
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29. This patient is training for a triathlon.
A patient with a low RBC count receives vitamin B12 injections every 2 weeks. Why?
This patient is training for a triathlon.
This patient is anemic and has low iron.
Parietal cells in this patient’s stomach have ceased producing intrinsic factor.
This patient’s parietal cells have stopped secreting HCl.
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30. Digestion of which of the following might be inhibited if a patient chronically consumes an antacid?
Lipid
Carbohydrate
Sugar
Protein
Answer: d. Protein
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31. Digestion of which of the following might be inhibited if a patient chronically consumes an antacid?
Lipid
Carbohydrate
Sugar
Protein
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32. When your stomach growls in response to an ad on TV for food, the _________ phase of gastric secretion is initiated.
cephalic
gastric
intestinal
gastrin
Answer: a. cephalic
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33. When your stomach growls in response to an ad on TV for food, the _________ phase of gastric secretion is initiated.
cephalic
gastric
intestinal
gastrin
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34. Meals high in protein ______ gastrin secretion from the gastric glands.
increase
decrease
have no affect upon
delay
Answer: a. increase
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35. Meals high in protein ______ gastrin secretion from the gastric glands.
increase
decrease
have no affect upon
delay
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36. The ______ cells are responsible for HCl production.
goblet
mucous
parietal
chief
Answer: c. parietal
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37. The ______ cells are responsible for HCl production.
goblet
mucous
parietal
chief
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38. symporter; chloride; bicarbonate symporter; bicarbonate; chloride
The alkaline tide uses a(n) _______ in the basolateral membrane to move _______ out of the cell and _______ into the parietal cell.
symporter; chloride; bicarbonate
symporter; bicarbonate; chloride
antiporter; chloride; bicarbonate
antiporter; bicarbonate; chloride
Answer: d. Antiporter; bicarbonate; chloride
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39. symporter; chloride; bicarbonate symporter; bicarbonate; chloride
The alkaline tide uses a(n) _______ in the basolateral membrane to move _______ out of the cell and _______ into the parietal cell.
symporter; chloride; bicarbonate
symporter; bicarbonate; chloride
antiporter; chloride; bicarbonate
antiporter; bicarbonate; chloride
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40. A meal high in fat would _______.
stimulate rapid gastric emptying
stimulate the intensity of the stomach’s peristaltic waves
increase gastrin secretion
inhibit gastric emptying
Answer: d. inhibit gastric emptying
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41. A meal high in fat would _______.
stimulate rapid gastric emptying
stimulate the intensity of the stomach’s peristaltic waves
increase gastrin secretion
inhibit gastric emptying
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42. Which is true of intestinal juice?
24 liters are produced daily
pH range is 7.47.8
it is hypotonic to blood plasma
it is composed mostly of bicarbonate ions
Answer: b. pH range is 7.47.8
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43. Which is true of intestinal juice?
24 liters are produced daily
pH range is 7.47.8
it is hypotonic to blood plasma
it is composed mostly of bicarbonate ions
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44. Why is the small intestine well adapted for nutrient absorption?
Acid secretions from the stomach are neutralized in the duodenum.
CCK is released from the duodenum to promote liver and pancreatic secretion.
Large surface area due to the presence of the plicae circulares, villi, and microvilli.
The small intestine is very long and thin.
Answer: c. Large surface area due to the presence of the plicae circulares, villi, and microvilli.
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

45. Why is the small intestine well adapted for nutrient absorption?
Acid secretions from the stomach are neutralized in the duodenum.
CCK is released from the duodenum to promote liver and pancreatic secretion.
Large surface area due to the presence of the plicae circulares, villi, and microvilli.
The small intestine is very long and thin.
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

46. Which cells produce CCK in the intestine?
Simple columnar cells
Goblet cells
Intrapeithelial lymphocytes
Enteroendocrine cells
Answer: d. Enteroendocrine cells
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47. Which cells produce CCK in the intestine?
Simple columnar cells
Goblet cells
Intrapeithelial lymphocytes
Enteroendocrine cells
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48. _______ macrophages are located in the liver.
Intrapeithelial
Langerhan
Stellate
Hepatocyte
Answer: c. Stellate macrophages
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49. _______ macrophages are located in the liver.
Intrapeithelial
Langerhan
Stellate
Hepatocyte
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50. The gallbladder _______ bile by _______ water and ions.
concentrates; absorbing
stores; preventing absorption of
dilutes; secreting
modifies; secreting
Answer: a. concentrates; absorbing
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51. The gallbladder _______ bile by _______ water and ions.
concentrates; absorbing
stores; preventing absorption of
dilutes; secreting
modifies; secreting
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52. ______ stimulates the gallbladder to contract.
Secretin
CCK
Gastrin
Fatty chyme
Answer: b. CCK
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53. ______ stimulates the gallbladder to contract.
Secretin
CCK
Gastrin
Fatty chyme
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54. You would expect blood levels of _______ to be highest when the pH of stomach chyme entering the duodenum is at its lowest.
secretin
Cl
gastrin H+
Answer: a. secretin
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55. You would expect blood levels of _______ to be highest when the pH of stomach chyme entering the duodenum is at its lowest.
secretin
Cl
gastrin H+
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56. Cirrhosis of the liver would most severely impact digestion of _______.
carbohydrates
amino acids
proteins
lipids
Answer: d. lipids
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57. Cirrhosis of the liver would most severely impact digestion of _______.
carbohydrates
amino acids
proteins
lipids
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58. absorption of all primary nutrients. absorption of water.
In terms of gastrointestinal function, the large intestine’s greatest contribution is:
exposing the chyme to the rich assortment of pancreatic enzymes through the process of segmentation.
absorption of all primary nutrients.
absorption of water.
regulation of gastric motility.
Answer: c. absorption of water.
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59. absorption of all primary nutrients. absorption of water.
In terms of gastrointestinal function, the large intestine’s greatest contribution is:
exposing the chyme to the rich assortment of pancreatic enzymes through the process of segmentation.
absorption of all primary nutrients.
absorption of water.
regulation of gastric motility.
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

60. Which of the following enzymes breaks down lipids?
Amylase
Pepsin
Bile
None of the above
Answer: d. None of the above
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61. Which of the following enzymes breaks down lipids?
Amylase
Pepsin
Bile
None of the above
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.