1. Father of THEORY of Evolution
Charles Darwin
Father of
THEORY of Evolution

3. Who is Charles Darwin?
* Most commonly known as the father of the theory of evolution.
* Lived from 1809 to 1892
* Thoughts formed the basis for science’s current thinking about where the diversity of organisms came from.
* Major explorations took place between

4. Route of the H.M.S Beagle

5. Galapagos Islands Islands off the coast of South America.
It was explorations off of these islands where Darwin begins to form his ideas about how diversity on our planet came about.
He sees how well suited organisms are for their environment.

6. Galapagos Islands http://www.galapagosmap.com/galapagos-map_2.jpg

7. Galapagos Islands http://www.galapagosmap.com/galapagos-map_2.jpg

8. Speciation in the Galapagos finches occurred by:
(a) founding of new populations,
(b) geographic isolation,
(c) gene pool changes,
(d) reproductive isolation,
and
(e) ecological competition. A A A
Galapagos
Islands A B
South
America
a) Founders Arrive
b) Separation of Populations
c) Changes in the Gene Pool E
Speciation in the Galapagos finches occurred by:
a) Founders Arrive
A few finches travel from South America to one of the islands. There, they survive and reproduce.
b) Separation of Populations
Some birds from species A cross to a second island. The two populations no longer share a gene pool.
c) Changes in the Gene Pool
Seed sizes on the second island favor birds with larger beaks. The population on the second island evolves into a population, B, with larger beaks.
d) Reproductive Isolation
If a few population-B birds cross back to the first island, they will not mate with the birds of population-A. The gene pools are now separate. Populations A and B are separate species.
e) Ecological Competition
As species A ad B compete for seeds on the first island, they continue to evolve. A new species, C, may evolve. Some members of the original species B may travel to a new island.
f) Continued Evolution
The process continues, leading to the formation of all 13 finch species on the Galapagos. D B A C A B A B B B
d) Reproductive Isolation
e) Ecological Competition
f) Continued Evolution

9. Speciation in the Galapagos finches occurred by:
(a) founding of new populations,
(b) geographic isolation,
(c) gene pool changes,
(d) reproductive isolation,
and
(e) ecological competition. A A A
Galapagos
Islands A B
South
America
a) Founders Arrive
A few finches travel from South America
to one of the islands. There, they survive
and reproduce.
b) Separation of Populations
Some birds from species A cross to a
second island. The two populations no
longer share a gene pool.
c) Changes in the Gene Pool
Seed sizes on the second island favor
birds with larger beaks. The population
on the second island evolves into a
population, B, with larger beaks. E D B A C A B A B B B
d) Reproductive Isolation
If a few population-B birds cross back to
the first island, they will not mate with the
birds of population-A. The gene pools are
now separate. Populations A and B are
separate species.
e) Ecological Competition
As species A ad B compete for seeds on
the first island, they continue to evolve.
A new species, C, may evolve. Some
members of the original species B may
travel to a new island.
f) Continued Evolution
The process continues, leading to the
formation of all 13 finch species on the
Galapagos.

10. Speciation in the Galapagos finches occurred by:
(a) founding of new populations,
(b) geographic isolation,
South
America
Galapagos
Islands A A
a) Founders Arrive
A few finches travel from South America
to one of the islands. There, they survive
and reproduce.
b) Separation of Populations
Some birds from species A cross to a
second island. The two populations no
longer share a gene pool.

11. Speciation in the Galapagos finches occurred by:
(a) founding of new populations,
(b) geographic isolation,
(c) gene pool changes,
(d) reproductive isolation,
and
(e) ecological competition. A A
Galapagos
Islands A
South
America
a) Founders Arrive
b) Separation of Populations A B A B
c) Changes in the Gene Pool
Seed sizes on the second island favor birds with
larger beaks. The population on the second island
evolves into a population, B, with larger beaks.
d) Reproductive Isolation
If a few population-B birds cross back to the first island,
they will not mate with the birds of population-A. The
gene pools are now separate. Populations A and B are
separate species.

12. Speciation in the Galapagos finches occurred by:
(a) founding of new populations,
(b) geographic isolation,
(c) gene pool changes,
(d) reproductive isolation,
and
(e) ecological competition. B A A A A B B
b) Separation of Populations
c) Changes in the Gene Pool
d) Reproductive Isolation A B C A B E D
e) Ecological Competition
As species A ad B compete for seeds on the first island, they
continue to evolve. A new species, C, may evolve. Some
members of the original species B may travel to a new island.
f) Continued Evolution
The process continues, leading to the formation of all 13
finch species on the Galapagos.

13. Speciation in the Galapagos finches occurred by:
(a) founding of new populations,
(b) geographic isolation,
(c) gene pool changes,
(d) reproductive isolation,
and
(e) ecological competition. A A A
Galapagos
Islands A B
South
America
a) Founders Arrive
A few finches travel from South America
to one of the islands. There, they survive
and reproduce.
b) Separation of Populations
Some birds from species A cross to a
second island. The two populations no
longer share a gene pool.
c) Changes in the Gene Pool
Seed sizes on the second island favor
birds with larger beaks. The population
on the second island evolves into a
population, B, with larger beaks. E D B A C A B A B B B
d) Reproductive Isolation
If a few population-B birds cross back to
the first island, they will not mate with the
birds of population-A. The gene pools are
now separate. Populations A and B are
separate species.
e) Ecological Competition
As species A ad B compete for seeds on
the first island, they continue to evolve.
A new species, C, may evolve. Some
members of the original species B may
travel to a new island.
f) Continued Evolution
The process continues, leading to the
formation of all 13 finch species on the
Galapagos.

14. Darwin’s Finches
ADAPTIVE RADIATION

16. Finches
* Darwin studied the different types of finches that were found on the different Galapagos Islands.
* Each finch seemed to be perfectly fitted for the environment of the island.
* Especially with its beak.

17. Darwin’s Finches

18. Galapagos
Islands

19. Galapagos Islands

20. Tortoise on Hood Island

21. Tortoise on Isabella Island

22. Adaptive Radiation
Rapid change from one species into many species to fill specific niches in an ecosystem.

23. My, How You’ve Changed!
Prior to the 1800s, life scientists knew that living things changed over generations. They just didn’t know how these changes were brought about.
1. Divide a sheet of paper into two columns and title the first one Inherited Characteristics. Title the second column Acquired Characteristics. In the first column, list the characteristics that you believe you have always had. For example, you may have brown eyes or curly hair.
2. In the second column, list your acquired characteristics. For example, you may have learned how to play a musical instrument.
3. Which of the items in your lists do you think you might pass on to your children? Explain your answer.

24. Ideas That Shaped Darwin’s Thinking
A. An Ancient, Changing Earth
1. Hutton’s Theory of Geological Change
2. Lyell’s Principles of Geology
B. Lamarck’s Theory of Evolution
1. Tendency Toward Perfection
2. Use and Disuse
3. Inheritance of Acquired Traits
4. Evaluating Lamarck’s Theory
C. Population Growth

25. Movement of Earth’s Crust
Sea level
Sea level
Sedimentary rocks form in horizontal layers.
When part of Earth’s crust is compressed, a bend in a rock forms, tilting the rock layers.
As the surface erodes due to water, wind, waves, or glaciers, the older rock surface is exposed.
New sediment is then deposited above the exposed older rock surface.

26. Lamarck’s Theory of Evolution
Section 15-2

27. Interest Grabber When Is a Flipper a Wing?
Section 15-3
When Is a Flipper a Wing?
All living things are related. Some relationships are easy to see— your pet cat may not roar like a lion, but it clearly resembles one. Other relationships are less obvious.

28. Interest Grabber continued
Section 15-3
1. On a sheet of paper, construct a table that has five columns and six rows. In the columns, write the following heads: Animal Group, Example, Legs, Fins, and Tail. Then, place the following animal groups in their own row: Mammal, Bird, Fish, Amphibian, Reptile, and Insect.
2. Give one example for each group, and then fill in the information for that example. For Legs, write in the number of legs that each animal has. Do animals with fins have legs? Do animals with wings have legs? If so, how many?
3. Can you tell from your table if a fish is more closely related to a bird or to an amphibian? Explain your answer.

29. Darwin Presents His Case
A. Publication of On the Origin of Species
B. Natural Variation and Artificial Selection
C. Evolution by Natural Selection
1. The Struggle for Existence
2. Survival of the Fittest
3. Descent With Modification
D. Evidence of Evolution
1. The Fossil Record
2. Geographic Distribution of Living Species
3. Homologous Body Structures
4. Similarities in Early Development
E. Summary of Darwin’s Theory

30. Concept Map Section 15-3 Evidence of Evolution includes
The fossil record
Geographic distribution of living species
Homologous body structures
Similarities in early development
which is composed of
which indicates
which implies
which implies
Physical remains of organisms
Common ancestral species
Similar genes

31. Geographic Distribution of Living Species
Section 15-3
Beaver
Beaver
Muskrat
Beaver and Muskrat
Coypu
Capybara
Coypu and Capybara
NORTH AMERICA
Muskrat
Capybara
SOUTH AMERICA
Coypu

32. Homologous Body Structures
Section 15-3
Turtle
Alligator
Bird
Mammals
Typical primitive fish