1. Understanding Spacing10
Understanding Spacing
Desktop Publishing: Chapter 10
©2008Thomson/South-Western

2. Objectives
Understand how to use spacing choices to improve the look of a document.
Learn spacing conventions that create a professional look for a document.
Digital Desktop Publishing: Chapter 10

3. Topics Spacing Choices Letter Width Tracking Kerning Pairs Ligatures
Leading
Word Spacing
Em/En Spacing
Web Spacing
Digital Desktop Publishing: Chapter 10

4. Topics Spacing Conventions Punctuation Indents Hanging Indent Tabs
(continued)
Spacing Conventions
Punctuation
Indents
Hanging Indent
Tabs
Widow and Orphans
Web Spacing Conventions
Digital Desktop Publishing: Chapter 10

5. Spacing Choices
Digital Desktop Publishing: Chapter 10

6. Letter Width Proportional Fonts Monospace
Letters assigned space proportional to their size
Early typewriters did not use
Monospace
Each letter assigned exactly the same amount of space
Courier is an example of this spacing
Digital Desktop Publishing: Chapter 10

7. Tracking Space between letters determined by software and designer
Software function that allows additional space between each letter
Digital Desktop Publishing: Chapter 10

8. Kerning Pairs
Letters that look better if they are placed closer than most others
Examples: T, V, W, and Y
Desktop publishing software can automatically kern
Kerning
Spacing of letters to make them appear closer together
Digital Desktop Publishing: Chapter 10

9. Ligatures Double letters that are treated as though they are single
Examples: fi, fl, and vv
Many times built into the font by the font designer
Digital Desktop Publishing: Chapter 10

10. Leading Spacing between lines of text within the same paragraph
Comes from time when type was set with metal and strips of lead were placed between each line
Amount of leading is based on size of font
Measured from baseline to baseline
Most leading set to 120% of font size
Spacing between paragraphs is set independently of the space within lines of a paragraph
Digital Desktop Publishing: Chapter 10

11. Word Spacing Set by the font design
Justifying a paragraph increases this spacing
Some software functions allow changes in spaces between words
Digital Desktop Publishing: Chapter 10

12. Em/En Spacing Used as white objects to separate words Em Space
Proportional to point size of each typeface
Equivalent to the width of the letter “M” of each typeface
En Space
Approximately size of capital letter “N”
Half the width of an em space
Often used as measurement of space
Digital Desktop Publishing: Chapter 10

13. Web Spacing
Standard HTML code does not allow for adjustment of most spacing
Cascading Style Sheets
Adjustment of spaces such as kerning and tracking now possible
Leading can be set to improve readability
Digital Desktop Publishing: Chapter 10

14. Spacing Conventions
Digital Desktop Publishing: Chapter 10

15. Punctuation
With typewriters (monospace fonts) it was necessary to space twice at the end of a sentence for a visual break
With computers (proportional fonts) spacing is determined by letters and their placement
No longer necessary to space twice after punctuation at the end of the sentence or colons
Digital Desktop Publishing: Chapter 10

16. Indents Typists used five spaces for paragraph indentions
Desktop Publishing
Indenting no longer necessary
If indenting is chosen, one or two em spaces is used (approximately .25 of an inch)
Digital Desktop Publishing: Chapter 10

17. Hanging Indents
First line “hangs out” from the other lines in the paragraph
Digital Desktop Publishing: Chapter 10

18. Tabs Tabs are places on a ruler used to line up text. Left tab
Standard means of setting tabs
Center tab
Aligns text on either side of tab stop
Right tab
Places the last letter of the line at the point of the tab
Used for page numbers
Decimal tab
Aligns figures so that they line up with the decimal, regardless of how many numbers there are
Digital Desktop Publishing: Chapter 10

19. Tabs
(continued)
Digital Desktop Publishing: Chapter 10

20. Widows and Orphans Widow Orphan
First line of a paragraph that appears at the bottom of a column or page
Should keep at least two—preferably three—lines together
Orphan
Single sentences or parts of a sentence that appear alone at the top of a new column or page
Digital Desktop Publishing: Chapter 10

21. Widows and Orphans (continued) orphan widow
Digital Desktop Publishing: Chapter 10

22. Web Spacing Conventions
All words followed by single space
Tabs
Not a standard HTML option
Widows and orphans not adjustable since designer does not know how text will appear on reader’s screen
Cascading Style Sheets
Provide a little more control over spacing
Digital Desktop Publishing: Chapter 10

23. Business of Publishing
Dramatic White Space
Means of advertising
Filling an entire page with small type or few words
Ultimate example of effective use of white space
Digital Desktop Publishing: Chapter 10

24. Proofreading Tips Look for details
Ligatures
Kerning pairs
Widows/Orphans
Spacing after end punctuation
Set aside time for this specific type of proofreading
Digital Desktop Publishing: Chapter 10

25. Workplace Ethics Do quality work
Enhance employer’s business with attractive documents
Trust you to know about issues such as kerning
Trust you to represent the best of industry standards
Digital Desktop Publishing: Chapter 10

26. Changing Workplace
Cascading style sheets have changed the way Web pages are designed
Design improvements will continue in Web documents as the industry matures
Digital Desktop Publishing: Chapter 10

27. Ch. 10 Review Questions (1-10)
What is proportional font?
What is the name of the type of font in which all letters are spaced the same?
What determines the spacing between each letter?
What is the term for the spacing between letters in a word?
What are sets of letters designed to be spaced closely together?
What is ligature?
What is leading
What is usually the default leading percentage?
What size is an em space?
What size is an en space?
Digital Desktop Publishing: Chapter 10

28. Ch. 10 Review (Questions 11-16)
11) What innovation in web design has allowed the ability to use tracking, leading, and kerning in designing web pages?
12) What are tabs used for?
13) What is a widow?
14) What is an orphan?
15) Discuss why it is no longer necessary to space twice after periods at the end of a sentence.
16) Identify problems caused by spacing rather than using tabs.
Digital Desktop Publishing: Chapter 10

29. Ch. 10 Activity Assignment #1
Using the default of 120%, calculate the leading for the following font sizes:
18 (18*120% or 18*1.20 = 21.6), 24, 30, 36, 48, 60, 72
Using your desktop publishing software (InDesign), create a default document. Add guides to divide the page in thirds.
Insert a table with appropriate column headings to display the information in instruction 1.
Format the column headings and data in the columns in an appropriate format.
Key an appropriate title to the table with appropriate formatting. Ex: Font size and Default leading size
Save as Ch. 10_Act.1 or leading_math and add heading
Digital Desktop Publishing: Chapter 10

30. Ch. 10 Activity Assignment #4
Browse to your student data files and open kerning_tracking_leading
Click between the “K” and the “e” in Kerning Paris. Change the kerning to 60. Click between the “P” and “a” in Pairs. Change the kerning to 60. *NOTE: to get to kerning, Select Character palette from the tools palettes on the left side of your document, the first icon is font size, the icon next to it is leading, the icon below the font size is kerning and the icon below the leading is tracking. Hold on your mouse on each icon and a smarttip will pull up, telling you what each icon is.*
Select the title Tracking in the second article. Change the tracking to 40.
Select the text in the first article. Change the leading to 30 pt. Select the text ini the second article. Change the leading to 30 pt.
Save as Ch.10_Act.4 or ktl_complete
Add header
Digital Desktop Publishing: Chapter 10