1. Endocrine Organs (Table 11-1)
Hormone
Paracrine agent
Autocrine agent
Neurotransmitter
Neuromodulator
Pituitary Gland
Thyroid Gland
Pancreas
Gonads
Gastrointestinal Tract
Heart
Kidney
Hypothalamus
Liver
Etc.
Hormone: chemical messengers
carried by blood to target cells upon which they act.
Only those cells having receptors
Can respond to a given hormone

2. 3 Chemical Classes of Hormones
1: Amine hormones (from amino acid tyrosine)
Thyroid hormones
Adrenal medullary hormones (catecholamines)
2: Peptide hormones (peptides & proteins)
3: Steroid Hormones (derivatives of cholesterol)

3. NT Fig. 11.01 Amine Hormones Adrenal medulla
Thyroid Hormones Not soluble in plasma, bound & free
Amine Hormones
Adrenal medulla NT
Catecholamines soluble in plasma
11.01.jpg

4. Steroid hormones
Fig
not soluble in plasma, not storable in vesicles
Bound & Free
11.03.jpg
Target cells have intracellular receptors. Changes is gene expression. Timecourse: longer latency, longer lasting

5. Fig. 11.02 Guess peptide! Peptide Hormones
Examples of Peptide Hormones: Insulin, glucagon prolactin, erythropoietin, parathyroid hormone, gastrin, leptin, growth hormone, oxytocin, vasopressin, FSH, LH, GHRH, and many more!
Peptide Hormones
Soluble in plasma
e.g. Beta cell
Guess peptide!
11.02.jpg
Cell surface receptors on target cells

6. Know Table 11-2 p 319 Hormone class Major form in plasma
Location of receptors
Signal transduction mechanisms
Rate of excretion / metabolism

7. Fig. 11.05 Steroids Adrenal Gland 11.05.jpg Catecholamines
Part of Sympathetic Nervous System

8. Hormones of the Adrenal Cortex
Androgens
DHEA
“Andro”
Glucocorticoids
11.04b.jpg
Mineralicorticoid
What regulates the secretion of cortisol and aldosterone?

9. Gonadal Steroids (not adrenal cortex)
Fig
Gonadal Steroids (not adrenal cortex)
Estrogens
11.06.jpg
King DS, Sharp RL, Vukovich MD, Brown GA, Reifenrath TA, Uhl NL, Parsons KA . Effect of oral androstenedione on serum testosterone and adaptations to resistance training in young men: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 1999; 281(21):2020-8

10. What happens to hormones once released?
Be able to give
Examples.
Ex: Renin
Fast if free
Slow if bound
T4 to T3 and Testosterone to Estradiol

11. Factors that affect hormone secretion
Na+, K+, Ca++, etc.
NE, ACh, etc.
TRH, TSH, DA, etc.
Integrator!
11.09.jpg
Recall example: beta cells of Islets of Langerhans
Secretion is usually pulsative, may be diurnal.

12. 16.08.jpg

13. Fig
Permissive effect
Thyroid hormone stimulates production of beta-adrenergic receptors, which increases the target cell’s responsiveness to EPI.
11.08.jpg