1. Three Way Cross-over Frequency network
Silver Oak College of Engineering & Technology
Three Way Cross-over Frequency network
Subject: Audio & Video Signals
Prepared by: Ajay Datta ( )
Branch: Electronics & Communication
Semester: 5

2. Topics Introduction What is Speaker Crossover Frequency?
Three-way Crossover
Practical Circuit

3. Introduction
Audio crossovers are a class of electronic filter used in audio applications. Most individual loudspeaker drivers are incapable of covering the entire audio spectrum from low frequencies to high frequencies with acceptable relative volume and absence of distortion so most hi-fi speaker systems use a combination of multiple loudspeaker drivers, each catering to a different frequency band.
Crossovers split the audio signal into separate frequency bands that can be separately routed to loudspeakers optimized for those bands.

4. Introduction
Signal crossovers allow the audio signal to be split into bands that are processed separately before they are mixed together again. Some examples are multiband dynamics (compression, limiting, de-essing), multiband distortion, bass enhancement, high frequency exciters, and noise reduction such as Dolby A noise reduction.
Note: De-essing is any technique intended to reduce or eliminate excessive prominence of sibilant consonants, such as "s", "z" and "sh", in recordings of the human voice.

5. What is Speaker Crossover Frequency?
Generally a three way speaker system is able to produce good hi-fi output.
It consists of three different types of speakers to handle different frequency contents in a music. The woofer uses the low frequencies, the mid-range may handle the speech part and the tweeter is better suited for the highest frequencies in the music.
But these speakers won’t work properly until the discrete frequencies are fed to each of them. The result is better achieved using a circuit network of inductors and capacitors also called the crossover network.

6. What is Speaker Crossover Frequency?
Here the inherent property of inductors and capacitors are well exploited. An inductor will always try to restrict any rise in frequency passing through it, whereas a capacitor will do just the opposite i.e. higher frequencies will find a better path through them.
Thus these components can be properly dimensioned into three types of filters, namely:
high pass
low pass
band pass
for the respective speakers

7. Three-way Crossover
Combination of capacitors, inductors and resistors can direct high frequencies to tweeter and low frequencies to the woofer.
This amounts to filter action. A three-way crossover network divides the frequency range between three speakers.

8. Three-way Crossover
A capacitor has lower impedance for high frequencies.
In series with the high frequency speaker, it acts to block low frequencies and let high frequencies through.

9. Practical Circuit
Represents only an exemplary circuit with practically balanced values of components.

10. 8085 Instruction Set