1. Starter
In the front of your books, list the effects of earthquakes.

2. A Few Pictures to whet your appetite...
Loma Prieta, San Francisco 1989 – Nimitz Freeway

3. Chi-Chi Earthquake, Taiwan
The Chelungpu fault broke through a running track near Wu Feng, Taiwan

4. Chile, 2010

5. Hansin Speedway, Kobe 1995

6. Nepal Earthquake 2015

7. Define p and s waves produced in earthquakes.
Learning Objectives
By the end of this lesson you should be able to…
Define p and s waves produced in earthquakes.
Describe p waves as longitudinal; s waves as transverse
Explain how p and s waves can be used to determine the structure of the interior of the earth.

8. Waves in the Earth
Waves aren’t all just about light, they can also be some of the most impressive, and destructive, features on Earth!
Waves are a way of transferring energy without moving matter. Seismic (Earthquake) waves are the release of stored energy which accompanies the movement of huge volumes of rock.

9. Earthquake footage
Tsunami footage

11. Which is the odd
one out?

12. P-Waves (Primary waves)
-Longitudinal
-First wave to arrive because they travel...
-Travel through...
S-Waves (________ waves)
-T__________
-Second wave to arrive because they travel...

13. S-Waves
-Transverse
-Slow
-Secondary
-Solids only

14. If an earthquake occurs around the other side of the Earth, we will only detect P-Waves here. What does this tells us about the core of the Earth?

15. How do we know? All about seismic waves
S waves will only travel through a ______
P waves travel through the _____ and ______
Curved paths due to r________ because density is changing with depth
The mantle is almost entirely solid, as shown by the fact that it transmits seismic S waves that only pass through solid material. There is alone in the upper mantle between the solid with a sphere above and the solid mantle below called the asthenosphere, that is between one and 10% liquid. This means that the mantle can flow even though it is almost completely solid. A good analogy is ice which although solid and capable of being broken by a hammer, can flow downhill in glaciers and like ice when near melting point it flows more easily

16. What does the inside of the Earth look like?
A thin solid crust km thick
The mantle – properties of a solid but it can also flow.
A core – made of molten iron and nickel. Outer part is liquid and inner part is solid.

17. Epicentre
Richter Scale
Seismic/shock waves
Focus
Seismograph
P waves
Seismometer
S waves

18. Homework Revise for test on whole of waves topic Wave equation
Different types of waves (transverse, longitudinal)
Properties of waves (reflection, refraction, dispersion, diffraction, total internal reflection, lenses)
Electromagnetic spectrum
Sound waves
Ultrasound
P & S waves