1. Consolidation and Upgrade of the LHC Experimental Vacuum Systems
Ray VENESS
For the Experimental Vacuum team

2. Overview Background Consolidation and upgrade project(s)
Current situation for LHC experimental vacuum
Challenges of the experimental vacuum systems
Consolidation and upgrade project(s)
Definition of terms
Examples of projects
ATLAS VA vacuum chambers
Impact of triplet upgrade on experiments
New detectors for ATLAS and CMS
New materials for LHC luminosity upgrades
The project organisation
Organisation
The work
Resources
Summary
Work for VSC
Conclusions
Experimental Vacuum
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3. Introduction A short, but important part of the LHC vacuum system
Q1-Q1 in IR 1,2,5 and 8 ≈ 160m of the ring
The LHC experiments cost ~1500 MCHF and every particle they see must first pass through the experimental vacuum
LHC experimental vacuum systems are the responsibility of TE-VSC
Ensure the reliable operation of the LHC machine
Common issues and technologies
Maximise efficiency for CERN, exploit synergies, avoid redundancies in skills and designs
Experimental vacuum sectors are not ‘stable’
Experiments are continually looking to optimise their detectors
LEP experimental vacuum saw 3 generations of chambers for all 4 experiments, plus a number of smaller upgrades
Some requests for upgrades from LHC experiments date already from 2001
Experimental Vacuum
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4. Challenges: Optimised chambers, supports and instruments
Annular ion pump for ATLAS and ALICE
LHCb UX85/3 conical beryllium chamber
‘Spider’s web support in LHCb
Experimental Vacuum
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5. Challenges: Installation and Access
Bakeout of the CMS vacuum system
Installation of the last chamber in ATLAS
Experimental Vacuum
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6. Challenges: Interfaces with Detectors
Integration of the ATLAS beryllium chamber with the PIXEL detector in clean room
Bakeout of the ALICE beryllium chamber – fans keep the detectors cool
Experimental Vacuum
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7. ‘Consolidation’ and ‘Upgrade’
Consolidation (install )
Production of critical spares, where no spare exists for LHC operation, or the spare is not compatible with operation of the experiment
Eg, CMS end cap pipe
Replacement of faulty components
Eg, LHCb UX85/3 beryllium chamber
Replacement of components that will cause problems of activation and background already before nominal luminosity [see example]
Eg, ATLAS VA and VT chambers
Upgrade phase I (install 2013/14)
New chambers for upgraded PIXEL detectors [see example]
Changes to layouts due to triplet upgrade [see example]
Replacing activated chambers that cannot be modified for ‘ALARA’ reasons
Upgrade phase II (install 2017~18)
New layouts for SLHC with provision of higher luminosity and activation
R&D for new materials for chambers and components [see example]
Experimental Vacuum
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8. Example 1: ATLAS VA CERN Academic Training 9th June 09
Experimental Vacuum
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9. Example 1: ATLAS VA Courtesy of V.Hedberg Experimental Vacuum
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Courtesy of V.Hedberg

10. Example 1: ATLAS VA
Erik’s head is at the ~500μSv/h level (for nominal lumi.) here…
We have ~1 day of work here in every shutdown
ATLAS have several man/weeks here per year
Experimental Vacuum
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11. Example 1: ATLAS VA VSC Activities
Development
Aluminium bellows
In progress between VSC and EN-MME
Thin walled 2219 aluminium tubes
Aluminium ion pump body
To do – looking for support in VSC
Rotatable minimised aluminium flanges
To do
Production
Welded assembly of 3 chambers
NEG coating of aluminium and bellows
Integration of optimised bakeout equipment
Qualification and test
Performance testing
Installation testing
Installation
Planned for 2010/11 shutdown
Experimental Vacuum
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12. Example 2: Impact of Triplet Upgrade
This zone is fully integrated into the experimental cavern (eg. CMS)
Interface zone between Q1 and the high-luminosity experiments (ATLAS, CMS)
Experimental Vacuum
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13. Example 2: Impact of Triplet Upgrade
All the vacuum components over this length in ATLAS and CMS will need to be re-designed and replaced
Remote flange
TAS chamber
BPMSW
VAX
Experimental Vacuum
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14. Example 3: New detectors
CERN Academic Training 9th June 09
Experimental Vacuum
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15. Comment: This means 5~10 MCHF of beryllium beampipes…
CERN Academic Training 9th June 09
Experimental Vacuum
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16. Example 4: Alternative materials to Beryllium
Problems with beryllium
Expensive ( kCHF/m)
Hazardous (tight restrictions on use at CERN)
Limited supply (complex manufacture)
Specification for alternatives
Transparent to particles
UHV compatible
Radiation and temperature resistant
Carbon-carbon composite tube for test
Experimental Vacuum
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17. LHC Experimental Beampipes Working Group
Project Organisation
Requests for consolidation or upgrade
Resource planning
LHC Experimental Beampipes Working Group
ACC-DIR
BE-ABP
R&D follow-up
EN-MEF
Layout changes
LHC Machine Committee
TE-VSC
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18. Requests for Consolidation or Upgrade
Experimental Vacuum
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19. Project Resource Planning
Experimental Vacuum
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20. Main activities for VSC
Analysis of new vacuum layouts
Smaller diameters for phase I upgrade
Cold + warm machine magnets inside experiments for phase II
Development of vacuum components
Remote handling for flanges and chambers
Aluminium bellows, ion pumps and minimised flanges
Production
Mechanical design and construction
Many new beryllium chambers
Integrated bakeout equipment
Qualification and installation testing… radiation!
NEG coating
Smaller diameter, thinner, fragile chambers
New materials for vac chambers
Carbon-carbon leak-tight coatings and NEG coatings
Other materials
Experimental Vacuum
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21. Summary
Experimental vacuum systems are part of the LHC vacuum system, with some particularities
Optimised materials and components, difficult access and interface conditions
The LHC experiments are working on major consolidations and upgrades, and they require our collaboration
7 MCHF of new vacuum hardware, 2.7 MCHF of development and project costs, 6 persons/year over the next 5 years
There are many challenges for VSC
New ideas are always welcome!
Experimental Vacuum
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