1. Physiological implications of a warm up and cool down.
Components Of Fitness.
Learning Objectives: Don’t leave the room today unless you have learnt:
Physiological implications of a warm up and cool down.
How we define aerobic capacity & test for it.
Factors that affect VO2 Max and physiological reasons why there are differences between males/females.

2. Physiological Implications Of A Warm Up
Form 5 key bullet points from the key words below:
Vasoconstriction (where?)
Muscle elasticity.
Injury?
Temperature & enzyme function
Blood flow & OBLA
Vasodilation (where?)
Speed of contraction.

3. Physiological Implications Of A Cool Down.
Form 5 key bullet points from the key words below:
Muscle cell damage?
DOMS
Lactic acid & CO2,
oxygenated blood.
Muscle soreness.
Blood pooling
Increased venous return

4. Components Of Fitness.
Can we remember the difference between health related and skill related components of fitness?
Aerobic Capacity or VO2 max:
The maximum amount of oxygen that can be (taken in and) used by the body in one minute/per unit time.
Tests?
What affects it?
Age.
Gender.
Physiological make-up: Muscle fibre type, size of lungs, size of heart, number of red blood cells, number of mitochondria.
Obviously how much aerobic training you do.

5. Explain three physiological reasons why males tend to have higher values for VO2 max than females.
3 marks in total. [3]
1 Men have larger muscles/greater % of muscle which means more mitochondria/aerobic enzymes
2 men have higher testosterone concentrations/greater % of muscle which means that they are bigger/have larger muscle mass (allowing for greater energy supply/ATP resynthesis)
3 men have less % body fat/oestrogen which means they carryless mass that uses energy (but does not produce it/less non-functional weight)
4 men have larger hearts/ventricles which means that more blood can enter and leave the heart per beat/per minute/they have a higher stroke volume/cardiac output
5 men have a larger blood volume which allows for more efficient transport of gases (around the body)
6 men have greater haemoglobin/red blood cells concentration in blood which benefits the transport of oxygen (around the body)
7 men have higher lung volumes/capacity/tidal volume/minute ventilation which means more oxygen enters/carbon dioxide leaves the body per breath/per minute

6. Aerobic Capacity 4 areas can affect VO2Max:
External respiration: Can training help get more oxygen in?
Transport of O2: Can training increase the amount of O2 delivered to the muscles?
Internal respiration: Can training increase the amount of O2 removed from the blood & into the muscles?
Utilisation of O2: Can we use the O2 once inside the muscle cell?
Tests?
Research for next week PWC170 test