1. Functional Exercise Physiology
Task 1

2. 1.1 Discuss the sources of fuel available to the body
The universal energy currency is ATP ( Adenosine Tri Phosphate)
However, do we have enough ATP to sustain energy for long periods?
Can we sprint indefinitely?!!!

3. Carbohydrate and Fat oxidation

4. Approximate available fuel reserves
Energy stored (KJ)
Approximate time at 75 per cent of max work
ATP, PCr, and glycogen 80
1 min
Blood glucose ( oxidation)
350
5 min
Liver glycogen ( oxidation)
1500
20 min
Muscle glycogen ( oxidation)
6000
1.5h
Plasma FFA and TG ( oxidation)
170
2min a
IMTF ( oxidation)
9000
2h a
Fat stores ( oxidation)
360000
3-4 days a
Protein
1-2 days b
Approximate contribution of glycolytic and oxidative energy sources to total energy production of maximal work over different running distances ( Sewell, Watkins and Griffin, 2013:130).
PCr- Phosphocreatine
FFA- free fatty acids
TG- triglycerides
IMTG- intramuscular triglycerides
For lipids- not all fat mass is available for conversion to energy
a- rate of liberation of energy is only about 50% of that of CHO oxidation and therefore the times allocated are theoretical as 75% of max work cannot be achieved with fat metabolism alone.
b-only used in prolonged fasting/starvation

5. 1.2 Assess the degree to which energy systems are used in different sport and exercise activities
Aerobic
Glycolytic or
ATP/PCr ?
Swim 1500m-26:30
Bike 40km-1:08
Run 10km: 45:50

6. Running distance Duration Per cent oxidative Per cent glycolytic 100m
0;9.58 10 90
0:10.49
200m
0;19.19 20 80
0;21.34
400m
0;43.18 30 70
0;47.6
800m
1:41,01 60 40
1500
3;26.0
3;50.46
5000m 95 5
14;11.15
10km
26;17.53 97 3
29;31.78
42.2km
2hours 03;38 99 1
2hours 15;25
Approximate contribution of glycolytic and oxidative energy sources to total energy production of maximal work over different running distances ( Sewell, Watkins and Griffin, 2013:131).

7. 1.3:Assess the energy expenditure for different physically demanding activities with respect to the concept of energy and work
Activity: running
Distance :15 km
Duration: 1:22:27
Pace:5:29min/km
Energy: 978kcal
HR: 161bpm
Activity: TRX
Duration: 30: 29
Energy: 199kcal
HR: 116bpm

8. Energy Expenditure Energy Expenditure has 3 primary components: BMR
Physical Activity
Body size, body composition, gender, psychological status

9. Other determinants of energy expenditure in addition to physical activity
Body size
Body composition
Age
Gender
Environment
Genotype
Hormonal status
Psychological status
Stimulant agents
Disease

10. 1.4 Discuss the results of laboratory VO2 measures

11. Aerobic Performance
Fitness can be measured by the volume of oxygen you can consume while exercising at maximal effort.
This is known as your VO2 max and it is the maximal amount of oxygen you can take up and use in one minute per kilogram of your body weight.
Average untrained male- VO2 max of around 45ml/kg/min
A world class endurance athlete- VO2 max 80ml/kg/min
Average untrained female- VO2 max of around 38ml/kg/min
A world class endurance athlete- VO2 max of 70ml/kg/min

12. Why is this important?
Aerobic capacity or vO2 max can be one of the most important indicators of performance. Those with a higher VO2max are fitter and can work harder than those who have a lower VO2 max.
Aerobic fitness may also factor into how well you recover.

13. Results
55.8ml/kg/min
The VO2 will depend on factors such as: gender, age, sport you play .

14. Average aerobic capacity data
Sport
Age
Male
Female
Basketball
18-30
40-60
43-60
Cycling
18-26
62-74
47-57
Football
22-28
54-64
50-60
Swimming
10-25
50-70
Volleyball
18-22
40-56
Weight lifting
20-30
38-52
Wilmore JH and Costill DL ( 2005)
Erin Densham, Olympic Triathlete, scored 67 ml/kg/min on her VO2max test (Herald Sun Newspaper, 16 April 2009).