1. “ADAPTIVE MISSILE GUIDANCE USING GPS”
A PRESENTATION ON
“ADAPTIVE MISSILE GUIDANCE USING GPS”

2. Contents Introduction History What is missile guidance
Types of missile guidance
Introduction to GPS
What are the elements of GPS
Introduction to DGPS
Missile Guidance using GPS
Actual Working of GPS Guidance System
How does GPS finds the exact target location
Guidance Equipments
Conclusion

3. Introduction
‘ADAPTIVE MISSILE GUIDANCE USING GPS’ is a modern approach in wireless communication.
For the day to day world of wars and battles, the new techniques to throw an attack on the opposing team are emerging immensely. This had led to the development of various types of guided missiles.

4. History
American rocket pioneer Robert Goddard. experimented with rudimentary gyroscopic  systems.
The systems entered more widespread use with the advent of spacecraft, guided missiles, and commercial airliners.

5. What is Missile Guidance???
Missile guidance refers to a variety of methods of guiding a missile or a guided bomb to its intended target. The missile's target accuracy
is a critical factor for its effectiveness.

6. Types of Missile Guidance
On the battlefield of today, guided missiles are guided to or acquire their targets by using:
Radar signal,
Wires,
Lasers (or),
Most recently GPS.

7. Introduction to gps
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a space-based satellite navigation system that provides location and time information in all weather, anywhere on or near the Earth, where there is an unobstructed line of sight
to four or more GPS
satellites.

8. What are the Elements of GPS ?
GPS has three parts: the space segment, the user segment, and the control segment. The space segment consists of a constellation of 24 satellites plus some spares, each in its own orbit 11,000 nautical miles above Earth.

9. Introduction To dgps…
Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) is an enhancement to Global Positioning System (GPS), that provides improved location accuracy, from the 15-meter nominal GPS accuracy to about 10 cm in case of the best implementations.

10. Missile guidance using gps
The central idea behind the design of DGPS/GPS/inertial guided weapons is that of using a 3-axis gyro/accelerometer package as an inertial reference for the weapon's autopilot.

11. (Continued)
Such weapons are designated as "accurate" munitions as they will offer CEPs (Circular Error Probable) of the order of the accuracy of
GPS P -code signals,
typically about 40ft.

12. Actual working of gps guidance system…
An inertial navigation system (INS) is a navigation aid that uses a computer, motion sensors and rotation sensors (gyroscopes) to continuously calculate via dead reckoning the position, orientation, and velocity (direction and speed of movement) of a moving object without the need for external references.

13. Continued…
The ‘Missile guidance using GPS’ uses this ‘Inertial Navigation System’ as its basic concept.

14. How does GPS finds the exact position of the Target??
In the figure at left, the dashed lines show the actual intersection point, and the gray bands indicate the area of uncertainty.
In this diagram, the solid lines indicate where the GPS receiver "thinks" the target is located. Because of errors in the receiver's internal clock, these spheres do not intersect at one point.

15. Continued……
The GPS receiver must change the size of the spheres until the intersection point is determined. The relative size of each sphere has already been calculated, so if the size of one sphere is changed, the other spheres must be adjusted by exactly the same amount.

16. Internal srtucture of the guided missile

17. Target shoot by using GPS.

18. Guiding equipments
The way these the subsystems are distributed between the missile and the launcher result in two different categories:
Remote Control Guidance: The guidance computer is on the launcher. The target tracker is also placed on the launching platform.
Homing Guidance: The guidance computers are in the missile and in the target tracker.

19. Why GPS GUIDANCE???
The GPS receiver catches the change in the size of the spheres until the intersection point is determined.

20. CONCLUSION
Thus, after overall view of all the missile guidance systems we come to an conclusion that “Adaptive Missile Guidance Using GPS” is the most efficient method to chase any target as it saves economical losses, environmental losses & various other losses which were faced during early wars.