1. Chapter 11
DNA & Genes

2. Section 11.1 DNA: The Genetic Code

3. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
The main substance in chromosomes.
It carries genetic information (determines traits)
Replicates itself
Makes RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)
Makes proteins

4. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
Made up of Nucleotides – sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base

5. DNA
Double Strand - aka Double Helix

6. 4 Nitrogen Bases
Adenine
Guanine
Thymine
Cytosine

8. Nitrogen Bases Adenine always combines with Thymine
Guanine always combines with Cytosine

9. DNA Sugar = Deoxyribose
The sugar and the phosphate group make up the sides of the ladder
nitrogen bases stick out like teeth on a zipper—held together by weak hydrogen bonds

10. DNA
The stands of the molecule are made of alternating bonds of sugar and phosphate.
The bases are connected to the sugar and held together by a weak hydrogen bond.

11. History of DNA
James Watson & Francis Crick formulated the model for DNA.
Rosalind Franklin had taken many x-rays/pictures.

12. DNA Replication DNA copied during Interphase in the chromosomes
1. Hydrogen bonds break at the nitrogen base pairs
2. Strands unzip
3. Free floating nucleotides bond to the single strands
4. Product is 2 molecules of DNA

13. DNA in real life video
DNA proving innocence