1. Internet and security

2. Binary to decimal conversion
0001=1
0010=2
0011=3
0100=4
0101=5
0110=6
0111=7
1000=8
1001=9
1010=10

3. Where rightmost bit is called Least Significant bit(LSB) and leftmost bit is called MSB(Most Significant Bit)

4. privacy Online spying tools:
1.Cookies: A cookie is a small text file that a web browser asks your browser to place on your computer.
The cookie contains information about your computer(Its IP address), and you(your user name, password, address, and information about your visit to the website( your login and logout time, your preferences about the site e.g. your favorite color and last browsing history what are the items you searched last,

5. 4 types of cookie:
Persistent: that last at least a year
Transient or session cookie: that only during the website visit, it will be deleted as soon as you exit the website.
First Party: installed by the same website that you are visiting. Yahoo’s cookie while visiting Yahoo’s website
Third Party: installed by the some other website than the one you are visiting. Cookie from a third party online ad company such as DoubleClick while visiting Yahoo’s website

6. security
Spyware: software that tracks a computer user’s activity and report them to someone else. Another common term for spyware is adware because Internet advertising is a common source of spyware.
Spam: unwanted mass s received in your inbox used a direct marketing tactic. Spam is the Internet equivalent of junk mail received in your mail box.