1. Chapter 16 Fluid and Chemical Balance

2. Administering Intravenous Fluids
Maintain or restore fluid balance when oral replacement is inadequate or impossible
Maintain or replace electrolytes
Administer water-soluble vitamins
Provide a source of calories
Administer drugs
Replace blood and blood products

3. Crystalloid and Colloid Solutions
Crystalloid solutions are made of water and other uniformly dissolved crystals such as salt and sugar
Colloid solutions are made of water and molecules of suspended substances such as blood cells and blood products (such as albumin)

4. Types of Intravenous Solutions
Isotonic: contains the same concentration of dissolved substances as normally found in plasma
Hypotonic: contains fewer dissolved substances than normally found in plasma
Hypertonic: more concentrated than body fluid and draws cellular and interstitial water into the intravascular compartment

5. IV Solutions

6. Types of Tubing Primary or secondary tubing Vented or unvented tubing
Microdrip or macrodrip chamber
Unfiltered or filtered tubing
Needle or needleless access ports

7. Unvented and Vented Tubing

8. Techniques for Infusing Intravenous Solutions
Gravity infusion
Electronic infusion devices
Infusion pumps
Volumetric controllers

9. Vein Selection Venipuncture device is inserted in veins of:
Hand in adults
Scalp in child
Forearm in adults

10. Complications With IV Administration
Circulatory overload
Infiltration
Phlebitis
Thrombus formation
Pulmonary embolus
Infection
Air embolism

11. Inserting an Intermittent Venous Access Device
When client no longer needs continuous infusions of fluid
When client needs intermittent IV medication
When client needs emergency IV fluid or medications

12. Intermittent Venous Access Device

13. Blood Administration Blood collection and storage Blood safety
Blood compatibility
Blood transfusion
Blood transfusion equipment
Catheter or needle gauge
Blood transfusion tubing

14. Transfusion Reactions
Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction
Viral infection
Bacterial infection
Acute hemolytic reaction
Anaphylactic reaction