1. Biological Origins of Crime
Cesare Lombroso
William H. Sheldon
Sigmund Freud
Hans Eysenck

2. Lombroso Studied soldiers in Italian army.
Noticed a group he classified as ‘born criminals’
Born criminals were characterized by an affinity for tattoos, cruel games, orgies and primitive slang

3. Born Criminals
Lombroso argued that their behavior was a throwback to a savage, underdeveloped or primitive human species.
Because these individuals were genetic throwbacks, they are unable to adjust to the moral and social demands of modern society

4. Atavisim
Lombroso argued that Born Criminals (or homo-deliquenes) could be identified by their atavistic characteristics. Through years of postmortem examinations of criminals, the insane, and normal individuals, Lombroso became convinced that the "born criminal“ could be anatomically identified by Atavistic Characteristics

5. Atavistic Characteristics
Sloping forehead
Unusual ears
Excessively long arms
Asymmetrical face
Broad nose

6. Modifications
Lombroso moved away from single born criminal classification
Professional criminals
Juridical criminals
Criminals of passion
Criminaloids
Morally insane
Hysteric criminal

7. William Sheldon
Somatotyping
Ectomorphs
Endomorphs
Messomorphs

8. Endomorph
Scale: 7-1-1
Visceratonia (sociable, pleasant, loves to eat)

9. Ectomorph
Scale: 1-1-7
Cerebratonia (restrained, introverted, bookish)

10. Mespmorph
Scale: 1-7-1
Somatotonia (adventurous, competitive, athletic)

11. Balanced
Scale: 4-4-4
“Normal” or “typical” build