1. MASS PERCENT mass of solute div. by total mass expressed as a percent:
= mass of solute x 100
mass of soln
= g solute x 100
(g solute + g solvent)

2. MASS PERCENT
What is the mass percent of NaOH in a solution made by dissolving g NaOH in 50.0 g H2O?

3. MASS PERCENT
What masses of potassium chloride and water are needed to make 250. g of 5.00% solution?

4. CONCENTRATION IN PARTS PER MILLION (ppm)
ppm = g solute x 1,000,000
g solution

5. CONCENTRATION IN PARTS PER MILLION (ppm)
Calc. conc. of Ca in ppm in a 3.50 g pill that contains 40.5 mg of Ca.

6. PERCENT BY VOLUME (%v/v)
percent by volume most often used for liquids and gases:
volume of solute x 100
volume of soln

7. CONCENTRATION IN PARTS PER VOLUME
The label on a L wine bottle says “11.5% alcohol by volume.” How many liters of alcohol does the wine contain?

8. % BY VOLUME
What is % by vol of ethanol (C2H6O) in the final solution when 75 mL of ethanol is diluted to 250 mL with water?

9. MOLE FRACTION (c) symbol used is c (chi)
ratio of solute moles to total moles:
c = moles of solute .
mol of solute + mol of solvent

10. MOLE FRACTION
A rubbing alcohol sample has 142 g of isopropanol, C3H7OH, and 58.0 g water. Calculate the mole fraction of each.