1. Best Practices for Meeting Students Needs in Heterogeneous Classes
INCLUSIVE TEACHING
CHAPTER 7: STUDENTS WITH DIFFERING ACADEMIC ABILITIES
Best Practices for Meeting Students Needs in Heterogeneous Classes
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2. Teaching Students With Differing Academic Abilities
“The key is learning how to teach individuals, not groups.”
Carol, 7th grade teacher
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3. Inclusion And High Ability Students
ISSUES
BENEFITS VS. COST
CAPACITY AND WILLINGNESS OF TEACHERS TO USE BEST PRACTICE
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4. Challenging for Higher-Level Learning
Scaffolding
Scaffold all instruction
Computers as information source and exploration tool
materials at extremely different levels
Bring in experts
Complex and challenging experiences
Multilevel teaching strategies
Curriculum compacting
Tiered lessons
Open-ended assignments
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5. Challenging for Higher-Level Learning
Mixed Ability Groups
Social action research
Literacy circles
Multiage grouping
Flexible groupings
Collaborative pairing
Expanded Opportunities
Grade acceleration
Community experiences
Enrichment for all
Integrated honors program
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6. Second-Language Learners
Best Practice Learning Conditions
High incidence of two-way communication
Social integration with native English speakers
Thoughtful integration of second-language acquisition principles with content instruction
Involvement and participation of home community
Promotion of critical consciousness
Faltis (1997)
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7. Second Language Learners
Classroom Concerns
Cultural mismatch between language use in the home and at school
Opportunities for second-language learners to share their unique gifts
Parental involvement
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8. Students with Learning Disabilities
Three Perspectives of Cause
Intrinsic
Extrinsic
Interactive
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9. Intrinsic: Explanations
Caused by biological and/or neuropsychological deficits in the child
Instructional approach
Direct instruction
Leading instructional approach since 1970’s
Skills are broken down and taught through behavioral strategies
Supported by IDEA
Research does not support this view
Spear-Swerling & Sterbberg, 1998
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10. Extrinsic Explanations
Focuses on the impacts of :
School
Teaching children in ways they can’t learn
Home
Limited mediated learning experiences
Community
Lack of support
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11. Interactive Explanations
Learning disabilities are functions of interactions between the biological makeup of the child and the school, family, and community environment.
Suggests a holistic approach
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12. Inclusive Education and Learning Disabilities: Why?
Traditional Pull-out Approach
Resource room may stigmatize children
Students with many different problems are lumped together
Instruction focuses on isolated skills
Students miss instruction in the general education class
Difficult to establish a sense of community
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13. Inclusive Education, Learning Disabilities and Creative Teaching
Positive expectations
Authentic learning that builds on strengths and interests
Alternative modes of input and output
Help in organizing and anticipating
Specific supportive feedback
Social-emotional support
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14. Students with Mental Retardation
“Mental retardation means significantly subaverage general intellectual functioning existing concurrently with deficits in adaptive behavior and manifested during the developmental period that adversely affects a child educational performance”
IDEA, 1997, [b]
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15. Students with Mental Retardation: Schools and Communities
Intensities of support: an approach to school and community life
Intermittent
Limited
Extensive
Pervasive
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16. Key Principles for Teaching Students with Mental Retardation
Age appropriate participation
Natural proportions
Supports based on need
Respect, not benevolence
Holistic learning, not behaviorism
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17. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon, 2003
In the classroom…
Make the commitment
Utilize multilevel teaching
Provide authentic learning goals connected to life goals
Provide support for teachers and students
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18. Students with TBI (traumatic brain injury)
TBI can result from any blow to the head
Impacts can vary greatly
May have strong emotional overlays
Possible Impacts
Physical impairments
Cognitive impairments
Behavioral/emotional changes
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