1. Vet 104 – Cell Metabolism
Metabolism – the sum of all the biochemical reactions that occur within an organism, including the synthetic (anabolic) & decomposition (catabolic) reactions.
Anabolism – synthetic energy-requiring reactions whereby small molecules are built up into larger ones.
Catabolism – chemical reqactions that break down complex organic (carbon-containing) compounds into simple ones w/ the release of energy.

2. Simple compounds
complex compounds
Anabolism
Catabolism
Energy
ADP +P
ATP

3. Enzymes:
Def. – a substance (usually a protein) that affects the speed of a chemical reaction; a catalyst.
Apoenzyme – protein portion
Cofactor – non-protein (ion – Ca++, vitamins)
Holoenzyme – whole enzyme, active
Substrate – molecules that are changed by the enzyme (specific).
+/- energy

4. Energy Production (ATP)
Adenosine P P + energy + P Adenosine P P P
(ADP) (ATPase) (ATP)
Oxidative phosphorylation – addition of a phosphate group using the energy generated by the transfer of electrons from one acceptor to another. (mitochondria)
Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain
(Citric Acid Cycle)
FOOD ENERGY

5. Electron Transport Chain
Simple compounds
complex compounds
Anabolism
Catabolism
Energy
ADP +P
ATP
Electron Transport Chain
Glucose
NADH + FADH2
Glycolysis, Krebs

6. 38 ATP’s
GLUCOSE
FADH2

7. Glycolysis & Kreb’s cycle
Electron transport chain

8. NET PRODUCTION of ATP from 1 GLUCOSE MOLECULE: 38
NADH = 3 ATP’s
FADH2 = 2 ATP’s
Reduced coenzymes –
H atoms contain energy
NET PRODUCTION of ATP from 1 GLUCOSE MOLECULE: 38
1 glucose (glycolysis) = 2 pyruvic acids + 2ATP + 4 NADH
2 pyruvic acids (krebs cycle) = 6 NADH + 2 FADH2 + 2 GTP
10 NADH + 2 FADH2 (electron transport ) = 34 ATP