1. Study of interactions between organisms and their environments.
Ecology
Study of interactions between organisms and their environments.

2. What you will learn in Ecology
What is Ecology?
Habitats
Feeding relationships in a habitat.
Food chains
Energy flow in a food chain

3. What you will learn in Ecology
Food Webs
Adaptations
Competition
Interdependence.

5. Examples of how organisms interact
Animals need plants for food and shelter. (can you think of two examples)
Plants need animals for transfer of pollen and to scatter seeds.
When plants and animal die what happens them?
They are decomposed by fungi and bacteria.

6. Habitats The place where an organism lives is called a habitat.
Examples of habitats are:
Hedgerow
Woodland
Meadow
Pond
Rocky sea shore.

7. Hedgerow habitat

8. Woodland Habitat

9. Meadow

10. Rocky Seashore Habitat.

11. More on Habitats
With the habitat and its community of plants and animals an ecosystem is formed.
Populations in the Habitat
Each habitat is made up of different populations of plants and animals.
The numbers of a population of animal or plant varies. (why?)
enough light or food, being killed to eat, weather conditions etc.
Video clip on Ecology

12. Feeding Relationships
Producers (how do they make food?)
Consumers
Carnivores
Omnivores
Herbivores
Decomposers

13. Food Chains
The way in which energy is passed from one living thing to another is a food chain.
A food chain always begins with a plant
The arrow means 'eaten by'
Examples
grassrabbitfox
nettlescaterpillarthrushsparrowhawk

14. Food chain examples

15. http://www.learnanytime.co.uk/Science/Food Chains.htm

16. Energy Flow in a food chain
Only a fraction of energy is transferred from one part of food chain to the next. (why?) (Where does the original energy come from?)
Example:
It takes 100 kgs of plant materials (producers) to support 10 kgs of herbivores
It takes 10 kgs of herbivores to support 1 kg of carnivores.

17. Food Webs
It is rare that the feeding relationships are as simple as the food chains we have looked at.
Two or more food chains inter-connected are called a food web.

18. Food web in a Meadow

19. Foodweb for a Hedgerow

20. Adaptation
Adaptation is when an organism has characteristics making it easier to survive in the environment.
Examples
Caterpilars are green – camoflage
Dandelion has seeds that can float easily in the wind.
Nettles have stinging hairs to stop them being eaten by animals.

21. Remember video clip animal adaptations.

22. Competition
Competition is when organisms 'fight' over things they need.
Plants compete for light, water, space and minerals. e.g. Dandelions compete with grass on the lawn for light and space.
Animals compete for food, territory, mates and shelter. e.g. Blackbirds compete with thrushes for earthworms.

23. Competition Examples

24. Interdependence
Interdependence is when two different types of organism need each other.
How do animals depend on plants?
Shelter and food, grey squirrels nest in beech trees, rabbits eat grass.
How do plants depend on animals?
Plants need animals for pollination (bees) and seed dispersal (blackbirds).
Video clip Interdependence