1. The Roaring 20’s

2. After World War I
April 8, 1919 Wilson brings peace treaty to the Senate
Senate voted against treaty because of
League of Nations
Wanted Monroe Doctrine Enforced

3. After World War I
Wilson went on a speech tour to win support for the treaty
Suffered a stoke – paralyzed half his body
Ended presidency in seclusion
July 2, 1921 – Congress voted to end war with Central Powers

4. Presidents During 1920s
Warren G. Harding
Calvin Coolidge
Herbert Hoover

5. Warren G. Harding
( )

6. The Harding Presidency
Foreign Policy
Isolationism, avoid political & economic alliances with foreign countries.
Disarmament, a program in which nations voluntarily give up their weapons.

7. The Harding Presidency
Foreign Policy
Quota (number limit) on immigrants
Refused to join the League of Nations

8. The Harding Presidency
Domestic Policy
Normalcy - Harding’s campaign promised a return to pre- WWI peacefulness
Red Scare – American fear of communism & other extreme ideas

9. The Red Scare
1920 – Russia becomes Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) or Soviet Union
Gov’t owned land & property
Single Political Party
No rights for citizens
Spread Communism to the World

10. Palmer Raids Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer
Driven by fear of Communism
And hopes of one day being president…
Held suspects
without evidence

11. IWW (“Wobblies”) Headquarters after a Palmer Raid

12. Sacco and Vanzetti Suspected militant anarchists Convicted of murder
Many felt they did not receive a fair trial because of their political ideas and ethnicity.

13. Bartolomeo Venzetti and Nicola Sacco

14. Scandals of the Harding Administration
Mostly related to the company his friends – “the Ohio Gang” friends he gave gov’t jobs too
Teapot Dome Scandal – the most infamous

15. The Teapot Dome Scandal
Secretary of the Interior secretly gave drilling rights to two private oil companies in return for illegal payments.
Strain over scandals may have cause Harding’s Death
April 2, 1923 – Harding Dies

16. This 1924 cartoon shows the dimensions of the Teapot Dome scandal

17. Coolidge becomes president.
“Silent Cal”
Calvin Coolidge

18. Coolidge’s Presidency
Continues Harding’s programs & policies
Believed in Laissez-faire
Re-elected in 1924

19. Election of 1928
Rep. – Herbert Hoover Dem. – Alfred Smith (Catholic) Hoover used Smith’s religion against him Hoover Wins!

20. Herbert Hoover
When Hoover takes office the US economy seemed to be doing well
Oct 29, 1929 Black Tuesday – Stock Market Crashed beginning the Great Depression

21. African Americans
Great Migration = Blacks moved north to take advantage of booming wartime industry
Black ghettoes began to form, i.e. Harlem

23. African Americans Harlem Renaissance – African Am literary awakening
Alain Locke – The New Negro celebrated growing African Am culture
Langston Hughes – poet, writer, & playwright who wrote about being African Am in the 1920’s

24. The Jazz Age
Jazz, a style of music that grew out of the African Am music of the South, became highly popular during the 1920s.
Jazz became so strongly linked to the culture that the decade came to be known as the Jazz Age.

25. African Americans
Marcus Garvey (Jamaican) favored racial segregation b/c of Black superiority
Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
Gov't charged him with w/fraud & found guilty
Deported to Jamaica, but his organization continued to exist

26. Prohibition
18th Amendment took effect on January 16, 1920, made the manufacture, sale, and transport of liquor, beer, and wine illegal.

27. Many Americans turned to bootleggers - suppliers of illegal alcohol.
Speakeasies – illegal, underground bars
Bootleggers expanded their business into other illegal areas

28. Organized Crime
The profit from selling illegal liquor helped lead to the rise of organized crime.
As rival groups fought for control in cities, gang wars & murders became common.

29. Homicide Rate dramatically rises, then peaks in 1933 – the year prohibition ends!

30. One of the most notorious criminals of this time was Al “Scarface” Capone, a gangster who rose to the top of Chicago’s organized crime network.

31. Issues of Religion
Fundamentalism supported traditional Christian ideas and argued for a literal interpretation of the Bible.
Worked to pass laws against teaching the theory of evolution in public schools.

32. A science teacher named John T
A science teacher named John T. Scopes agreed to challenge such a law in Tennessee. His arrest led to what was called the Scopes trial.

33. 1920’s Fads Motion Pictures – promoted common values & created trends
1st sound film – 1927

34. 1920’s Fads
Radio – unified the nation, featured news, sports, ads, soaps, & other shows
Helped to unify the nation
National Broadcasting Co st national network