1. Imperialism
(Expansionism)

2. Alaska Secretary of State, William Seward negotiated the sale in 1867
Bought it for 7 million dollars from Russia
Some called it “Seward’s Folly” because they thought it was worthless
But it became valuable because of gold and oil found there

5. Hawaii
U. S. deposes Queen Liliuokalani—she wanted “Hawaii for the Hawaiians”
Annexed July 7, 1898

7. Spanish-American War Cuba & Puerto Rico remained under Spanish Rule
1895 uprising by peasants in Cuba for independence—guerilla warfare
Yellow press of William Randolph Hearst’s New York Journal and Joseph Pulitzer’s New York World fired up Americans to side with Cubans against the Spanish

8. Spanish Commander Valeriano Weyler “The Butcher” put whole villages into concentrado camps and thousands of Cubans died
Yellow press pushed for war, but President McKinley wanted peaceful policy
2 events prompted war:
Hearst published DeLome letter written Spanish Ambassador insulting McKinley
The Maine exploded in Havana Harbor, 260 sailors killed

9. Yellow Press pushed idea that Spanish did it
April 11, 1898, Declaration of War
May 1st, Commodore George Dewey attacked the Spanish in Manila Bay, Philippines

10. Sp-Am War -- Cuba Rough Riders under Teddy Roosevelt
Supposed to be cavalry unit, but had to fight on foot in Cuba b/c army could not transport horses
Black soldiers in Tenth Negro Cavalry under Commander John J. Pershing fought with Rough Riders at Battle of San Juan Hill
Americans won Battle of San Juan Hill and next day destroyed or captured the Spanish fleet at Santiago Bay
War lasted only 3 months

11. Treaty of Paris, 1898 Spain agreed to: Surrender all claim to Cuba
Give up the Pacific Island of Guam & Caribbean Island of Puerto Rico & all of the Philippines
U. S. agreed to:
Give Spain $20 million

12. Teller Amendment guaranteed Cuba its independence
1901 – Platt Amendment made Cuba an American Protectorate (self-governing country subjected to influence of another country

13. Sp.-Am. war -- Philippines
December 1898, McKinley announced that U. S. intended to govern the Philippines
Filipinos resisted annexation—guerilla warfare
March 1901, U. S. captured Emilio Aguinaldo and he took oath of allegiance to U. S.

14. Open Door Policy
Secretary of State, John Hay, proposed policy that would give all nations equal trading rights to China
Urged all foreigners in China to obey Chinese law and observe fair competition
International army of Americans, British, French, German, Austrians, Russians, Japanese, & Italians put down Boxer Rebellion and kept Open Door open.

16. Panama Canal
1901, McKinley is shot and dies and Teddy Roosevelt becomes President
Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine—police of the Western Hemisphere—”Speak softly and carry a big stick”
U. S. encouraged Panama’s independence from Colombia, then negotiated treaty with Panama to build the canal

19. Dollar Diplomacy
President Taft urged banks & businesses to invest in Latin America
He promised that the U. S. would step in if unrest threatened investments