1. By Dr. Chandra Shekhar Sanwal, IFS,
Need and development of agro- forestry systems for livelihood security in man-monkey conflict areas of India
By Dr. Chandra Shekhar Sanwal, IFS,
Presented by co author: Dr. Rajkumar

2. Need of agro-forestry systems in man-monkey conflict areas
 Conflicts often occur when non-human primates raid crops (Siex and Struhsaker, 1999; Hill, 2000) and compel local farmers to give up the farming.
Hence monkeys are not liked in the areas of massive agriculture, horticulture and other plantations since they damage the crops and orchards.

3. Monkey-menace at village Mandi

4. Monkey menace in Orchards

5. Monkey trapping using cages ?

6. Solar Fencing around Farms ?

7. But today the Rhesus monkeys are aggressive and an explosion of their population has intensified their competition with humans for food and space (Srivastava, 2009).
The current methods of dealing with monkey menace are inefficient and only contribute to further accelerating the problem (Walker, 2007).
Hence, strategies need to be developed to minimize the dependence of rhesus macaque on human resources to avoid conflicts (Chauhan and Pirta, 2014).

8. Objective
Need to develop tree and crop based systems which are not liked by the monkeys
Need to develop agroforestry systems which are economically viable to the local farmeres
Need to develop tree-crop systems which are ecologically feasible and have ready market

9. Materials and methods
Series of surveys and trials were conducted to plant screened trees and crop species not liked by monkeys in “medicinal and aromatic tree conservation and development centre” of Sharda range of Haldwani forest division.
The present study explored the possibility of availability of native tree species not liked by the monkeys in order to minimize human- monkey conflict in terai and Bhabar and hilly region of Uttarakhand.

10. Medicinal and Aromatic Tree conservation and development centre, Tanakpur Haldwani Forest Division Haldwani Uttarakhand

11. Basis of selection of tree and crops
Results
Basis of selection of tree and crops
Traditional knowledge
Secondary data from Uttarakhand and Himachal
Series of surveys conducted in man-monkey conflict areas of Uttarakhand
Research trials conducted at sharda range of Haldwani forest divison

12. Promising tree species suitable for man-monkey conflict areas
Fruit tree Species:
Aegle marmelos
Emblica officinalis
Spondias pinnata syn. Spondias mangifera
Sapindus mukurosii
Buchanania lanzan
Carissa carandas

13. Spice tree species
Cinnmaoum tamala
Murraya koenigii
Medicinal & Aromatic plant species
Cymbopogon nardus
Ocimum gratissimum, basilicum, sanctum, kilimandscharicum
Rosemarinuns officinalis
Lavandula angustifolia
Andrographis paniculata

14. Condiments
Curcuma domestica,aromatica
Capsicum annum
Zinger officinale
Trachyspermum ammi
Trigonella foenum-graecum
Agricultural Crops
Finger millet-Madua
Amaranthus-Chaulli
Macrotyloma uniflorum-Gahat or Kulthi
Okra as vegtaable

15. Lemonn grass, Tejpatta and currypatta plantation at MATCDC

16. Curry patta plants in Forest areas

17. Medicinal and Aromatic tree conservation and development centre

20. Recommendation Spices based agri-horticultural systems
Model 1: Tejpatta /Currypatta –traditional crops like Ginger, Turmeric,Pepper, Capsicum
Model 2: Aonla/Bael-traditional crops like Madua(Finger millet), Amaranthus, Gahat

21. Conclusion
There remains possibilities to identify tree and crops which remain disliked by monkeys in man-monkey conflicts areas of the country.

22. THANKS FOR PAYING ATTENTION