1. Tracheobronchial Smooth Muscle Atrophy and Separation
Respiration 2015;90: DOI: /
Fig. 1.a CT of the chest at the level of the carina revealing marked bronchomegaly of the right main stem bronchus. b Airway examination at the main carina revealing the separation of the cartilaginous rings (arrow) from the posterior tracheal wall (inspiration). c During exhalation, a >50% reduction is observed in the airway lumen consistent with EDAC.
© 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel

2. Tracheobronchial Smooth Muscle Atrophy and Separation
Respiration 2015;90: DOI: /
Fig. 2.a CT of the chest: inspiratory and expiratory views revealing the near-total luminal collapse consistent with EDAC. b Bronchoscopic examination revealing the separation of the posterior tracheal wall from the cartilaginous rings (arrow) on the left airway examination and histopathology. c HE stain of explanted lung bronchi revealing the total absence of ASM. C = Cartilage; CT = connective tissue; G = mucosal glands.
© 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel

3. Tracheobronchial Smooth Muscle Atrophy and Separation
Respiration 2015;90: DOI: /
Fig. 3. Bronchoscopic examination revealing the separation of the posterior tracheal wall from the cartilaginous rings on the right (arrows). See online supplementary video 1.
© 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel

4. Tracheobronchial Smooth Muscle Atrophy and Separation
Respiration 2015;90: DOI: /
Fig. 4. CT scan of the chest revealing marked dilatation of the left main bronchus due to the separation of the posterior wall from the cartilaginous rings, medially.
© 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel