1. How do oceans affect climate?
chapter 1-2, page 23
How do oceans affect climate?
Areas near oceans have milder weather year-round than areas at same latitude that are far from the ocean.
How does the North Atlantic Current affect northern Europe?
The North Atlantic Current carries warm water from the Gulf of Mexico to northwestern Europe and warms the winds that blow across the ocean, bringing mild climate to northwestern Europe.

2. What are the major climate regions of Europe?
Humid continental, subarctic, arctic, semiarid, marine west coast, Mediterranean, and humid subtropical.
Why are summers in Barcelona, Spain hot and dry?
Barcelona is in the Mediterranean climate region, which is characterized by hot and dry summers.

3. What are the vegetation regions of Europe and Russia?
BONUS
Which of these does not apply to Russia?
Forest, grasslands, tundra, and Mediterranean.
Mediterranean
How are vegetation regions and climate regions related?
Climate affects the type of vegetation that can grow.
What geographic feature might lead someone to settle in Europe instead of Russia?
Warmer climate

4. KEY TERMS
dry sheltered side of a mountain, little rainfall
grasslands of fertile soil in Russia
rain shadow
steppes
tundra
permafrost
cold, dry, treeless region with snow most of the year
permanently frozen layer of ground