1. Nonverbal Communication
Unit 3
Nonverbal Communication

2. Objectives The definition Time language Space language Body language1
Time language 2
Space language 3
Body language 4
Paralanguage 5

3. Contents
Warming up 1
Detailed Study 2
Summary 3
Homework 4

5. What is nonverbal language?
The process by
which nonverbal
behaviors are
used, either
singly or in
combination
with verbal
behaviors.

6. Status
Unawareness
30%
93%
VS.
70% 7%

7. Functions of nonverbal communication
Modifying
Conveying
Complementing
Repeating
Regulating
Functions
Replacing
Contradicting

8. Functions of nonverbal communication:
◇replacing. Replace verbal communication.
e.g. Nod your head vertically-up and down = “ yes”
Place your index finger to your lips=“Please calm down so that I can speak”

9. ◇regulating. Regulate and manage communication.
e.g. direct eye contact =the channels are open;
Turn taking (who speaks first and for how long)

10. ◇conveying.
Conveys our emotions and our attitudes towards ourselves and towards the people we are communicating with.
◇modifying.
Loudness and tone of voice.
e.g. Anger /louder voice

11. ◇repeating. Repeat a point they are trying to make.
e.g. hold up our hand → “stop”
point in a direction →“The new building is just over there”

12. → the employee will be much more encouraged or inspired.
◇complementing. Support, but not replace the verbal language.
e.g. a manager may tell an employee that he is pleased with his performance in his work;
pat the employee on the shoulder at the same time.
→ the employee will be much more encouraged or inspired.

13. ◇ contradicting. Convey a meaning opposite to that of the verbal message.
e.g. embarrassed → blushing;
nervous → sweating;
“I had a good trip” ≠nonverbal behavior could tell that we are tired during the trip.

14. Classifications of non-verbal communication :
1) Those that are primarily produced by the body (appearance, movement, facial expression, eye contact, touch, smell, paralanguage, and silence)
2) Those that the individual combines with the setting (space and time).

15. Study Areas
Chronemics
paralanguage
Proxemics
Kinesics

16. snapping fingers to call a waiter
Cultural Differences
Silent language /hidden dimension:
Invisible nonverbal
snapping fingers to call a waiter
women hold hands
men embrace

17. Time Language Monochronic Time: punctuality and promptness
Northern American, Western and Northern European cultures
Monochronic Time: punctuality and promptness
Latin American, African, Arab and most Asian cultures
Polychronic Time:
More flexible and human-centered

18. Brainstorm: punctual on schedule on time on the minute on the hour
Please come up with as many words or phrases about punctuality as possible.
punctual
on schedule
on time
on the minute on the hour
well-timed
timely
in time
in good time
at the stated time
perfect timing
at the appointed time

19. Body distance and body touch Interpersonal relationship
Space Language
Body distance and body touch
Body bubbles
Interpersonal relationship
Personality
Introverts
Extroverts

20. 0-45cm
2-3 m
45-80cm
1.3-3 m

21. 5. Body distance intimate distance
ranging from direct contact to about 45cm, which applies to the closest relationships such as husband and wife
personal distance
ranging from 45 to 120cm, which is usually maintained for conversations between friends & relatives
social distance
ranging from 1.3to 3 meters, which covers people who work together or are meeting at social gatherings
public distance
beyond 3 meters, such as that kept between a lecturer and his audience

22. Mediterranean Europeans
Body distance
Short
Mediterranean Europeans
Northern Europeans
Medium
Japanese
Latins
Americans
Long
Mediterranean Arabs

23. Touch & Non-touch culture
Cultures of Arabs, Southern and Western Europeans, Jews and Latins
Touch & Non-touch culture
Cultures of Americans, Northern Europeans and Orientals

24. Arabs envelop each other in their breath. Comfortable and desirable

25. English-speaking countries Avoid physical contact
“Sorry, oh, I’m sorry.”
If touch accidentally,
make an apology
“Excuse me.”

26. China and other Asian cultures In public, a little body touching

27. Touch &Non-touch culture
China and other Asian cultures
In public, a little body touching

28. Body Language
Kinesics is the non-verbal behavior related to movement, either of any part of the body, or the body as a whole. In short all communicative body movements are generally classified as kinesics.

29. (1) Posture
deep in thinking
or in the blues

30. absent-minded or
lacking interest
attentive and
interested

31. US: comfortable, friendly
Arab/ Thailand: the sole should never be pointed in the direction of another person.
Germany/Sweden/China: a sign of rudeness and poor manners

32. (2) Gestures– point to objects and people
US: ok
Asia: rude
German
Japanese

33. US: OK
Latin American countries
and Germany:
obscene
Tunisian:
I will kill you.
Japan and Korea:
money
Arabs: (a baring of teeth)
extreme hostility

34. In Greece: hold up the palm to someone’s face means insult.
6.The V-sign
palm to others:
peace &victory;
In Greece: hold up the palm to someone’s face means insult.
palm to yourself:
In England transforms the meaning of insult.

35. Nodding the head In north America: up and down: I agree
In the Middle East
Nodding the head down: I agree
up: I disagree
Japan: I am listening.

36. Shaking the head most countries: refusal or disapproval
SriLanks, Nepal, and India: agreement

37. Most of the world: good
Australia and Nigeria:
“up yours.”
Parts of America and Europe:
A lift
German:
The number 1
Japan:
The number 5

38. Sign of telling sb. to come closer
Chinese
American
American:
wave goodbye

39. Burma: palm downward, fingers moving
Filipinos: a quick downward nod of the head
Germany/Scandinavia: tossing the head back
Arabs: palm upward, opening and closing the hand

40. (3) Facial expressions Sadness Anger Surprise Fear Enjoyment Disgust
Contempt

41. sadness
Mediterranean cultures: exaggerate signs of grief or sadness—men crying in public
American: suppress the emotions
Japanese: hide expressions of anger, sorrow, or disappointment—laughing or smiling
Chinese: control emotions—saving face

42. smile American: a sign of happiness or friendly affirmation
Japanese: mask an emotion or avoid answering a question
Korean: too much smiling a shallow person
Thailand: the land of Smiles

43. (4) Eye contact
North Americans: direct eye contact
a sign of honesty
If not, a sign of untruthfulness, shame or embarrassment
Chinese: avoid long direct eye contact to show politeness, or respect, or obedience
Japanese: prolonged eye contact is considered rude, threatening and disrespectful.
Latin American and Caribbean people: avoid a sign of respect

45. (5) Smell Filipinos: sensory-information gathering
Americans: feel uncomfortable with natural smells
Many other cultures: natural odor is normal

46. Paralanguage
Voice modulation
tempo
silence

47. Final True or False(20 items for 10 scores)
Translation of euphemisms and proverbs(10)
Appropriate or not(10)
Cultural puzzles(2 items for 10 scores)
Case study(2 items for 10 scores)

48. Thank You!