1. EE6501 POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS
UNIT I INTRODUCTION
Maharaja. K,
Assistant Professor,
Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Technology,
Coimbatore.

2. UNIT I INTRODUCTION Need for system planning and operational studies
Basic components of a power system
Introduction to restructuring
Single line diagram – per phase and per unit analysis – Generator – transformer – transmission line and load representation for different power system studies
Primitive network – construction of Y-bus using inspection and singular transformation methods – z-bus.

3. Todays Lecture Role of Power System in society
Basic components of a power system
Introduction to restructuring
Organizational Structure

4. What is Power System? A system that deals with the business of :
Generation
Transmission
Distribution
of Electrical Energy.
Large and most complex man made system.
Power system provides a vital service tot the society.

5. Power System
Electrical power system is somewhat like the air we breathe: We think about it is missing.
It should be operated with the goal of achieving:
Highest reliability standards
Lowest operation cost
Minimum environmental impacts

6. Functions of Power System
SMES
Flywheel
Compressed Air
Storage
Source of Fuel
Energy Conversion
Transmission &
Distribution
Energy Conversion
(Utilization)
SMES- Super Conducting Magnetic Energy Storage

7. Power Generation

8. Power Generation (1/2)
The system in which other type of energy converted into electrical energy is called as a power generation system or power plant.
Generally power plant geographically dispersed.
A power plant may house more the one generating units

9. Power Generation (2/2)
Types of power generating units (Based on Energy Resources)
Hydrocarbons (Oil, Coal, Natural gas, etc)
Water
Nuclear
Solar
Wind
Tidal
Chemical
Geothermal

10. Installed Capacity (As on 31.05.2017)
Courtesy: Central Electricity Authority

11. Power Transmission

12. Transmission Networks
Connect generating plants to consumption points- Use Remote Energy Sources
Interconnect power pools- Reduce Generation reserve & Cost, increase reliability
High voltage AC Transmission
HVDC Transmission

13. High Voltage Transmission Offers:
Lower transmission losses/ MW transfer
Lower line-voltage drop
Higher transmission capacity
Reduced right-of-way requirement/MW
Transfer
Lower capital and operating costs/ MW transfer

14. Power Transmission Equipment
Transformers
Step-up transformers
Step-down transformers
Voltage regulators
Phase shifters- To control real power flows
Transmission Lines & Cables
Circuit Breakers & Isolators
Shunt & Series Reactors & Capacitors
Lightning Arresters
Protective Relays
FACTS Devices (SVC, Statcom, TCSC, UPFC etc)
Converter/ Inverter

15. Standard Transmission voltages in India:
AC Transmission:
765 kV
400 kV
220 kV
132 kV
DC Transmission:
500 kV

16. Power Distribution System

17. Power Distribution System
Receives electrical energy from the HV/ MV levels
Supplies energy to customers:
At MV/ LV levels -33kV, 22kV, 11kV, 3.3V
Single Phase and/or three-phase

18. Main Equipment in Distribution System
Distribution transformer
Feeders (Overhead lines or Underground cables)
Switches, Fuses etc.
Protective Relays
Lightning Arresters
CT/ PT

19. Power Utility Structure
Traditional
Control by Single Entity
Restructured (Deregulated)
Unbundled-separate entity

20. Traditional Utilities
Operate as Monopolies
Regulated by “government”
Have to get regulators approval for rate increases.
No incentive to increase generation efficiency.
“Vertically Integrated (VI)” business structures for improved profitability.

21. Regulated Power Utility
Production Units
Production Units
Production Units
Production Units

22. Deregulated PS Structure
Has been legislated by government hoping that it results in:
Increased competition (Reduced rates)
New technology utilization in generation, transmission & distribution
Increased outside investment in PS infrastructure

25. Power Industry Deregulation
Break-up of traditional utility structures into independent business units:
Gencos (Generating Companies)
Power Marketers
Transco (Transmission Company)
Independent system operator (For transmission network)
Retail service providers
Discos (Distribution Companies)

26. Thank You