1. CRANIAL NERVES
Tell your table buddy where to find cranial nerves _____________
we will learn cranial nerves and test cranial nerves, and spinal
nerves.

2. Peripheral Nervous System
Nerves that branch out from the CNS
The spinal nerves comes out of the spine, and the cranial nerves come out of the brain directly.
There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves
They are numbered with Roman numerals.

3. The 12 Pairs of Cranial Nerves
Figure 14.8

4. how will I ever learn the 12 cranial nerves????
stupid mnemonics! on
old
olympus
towering
top a
finn
and
german
viewed
some
hops.
olfactory
optic
oculomotor
trochlear
trigeminal
abducens
facial
acoustic
glossopharyngeal
vagus
spinal accessory
hypoglossal

5. how will I ever learn what they do?
stupid mnemonics!
Nerves carry information or tell the body to do something.
this is sensory or motor.
cranial nerves--- do sensory, some do motor, some do both.
olfactory
optic
oculomotor
trochlear
trigeminal
abducens
facial
acoustic
glossopharyngeal
vagus
spinal acc
hypoglossal
s ome
s ay
m arry
m oney
b ut
m y
b rother
s ays
b ig
b usiness
m akes
m ore
s=sensory
m=motor
b=both sensory and motor

6. I. OLFACTORY Transmit the sense of smell.
Outside of the CNS they are called olfactory nerves, and inside of the CNS they are called the olfactory tract.

7. Transmits information from the eye’s retina.
II. OPTIC NERVE
Transmits information from the eye’s retina.

8. III Occulomotor Nerve
This controls most of the extrinsic muscles of the eye (that move the eyeball).

9. Innervates an extrinsic eye muscle
IV. Trochlear Nerve
Innervates an extrinsic eye muscle

10. V. Trigeminal Nerve This is the main sensory nerve of the face.
It has a large branch that passes through the foramen ovale of the skull. It has three parts.
motor is chewing muscles

11. Controls one of the eye muscles (lateral rectus).
VI: Abducens
Controls one of the eye muscles (lateral rectus).

12. VII Facial Nerve This innervates the muscles of facial expression.
sensation to anterior tongue
Bell’s Palsy is damage of the facial nerve causing paralysis on one side.

13. VIII. VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR
Transmits hearing and balance. (also called Auditory nerve)

14. IX: GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL
carries information from the head and neck to the brainstem about blood pressure (baroreceptors)
and taste for posterior tongue
fires to one throat muscle

15. X: Vagus Nerve
(vagrant = “wanders”) - the only cranial nerve that travels into the abdomen.
This is the most important cranial nerve because it innervates all of the organs in the thoracic and abdominal cavities

16. XI: ACCESSORY NERVE
Enters the skull through foramen magnum and leaves through the jugular foramen.
It supplies the shoulder muscles.

17. Supplies the tongue. Damage causes impairment of speech.
XII. HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE
Supplies the tongue.
Damage causes impairment of speech.

19. Spinal Nerves 8 pairs of cervical nerves (C1 – C8)
what is weird about 8?
12 pairs of thoracic nerves (T1-T12)
5 pairs of lumbar nerves (L1-L5)
5 pairs of sacral nerves (S1-S5) 1 pair of coccygeal nerves (Co)
31 Total

21. Roots – connect nerves to spinal cord

22. PLEXUSES
Main portions of the spinal nerves combine to form complex networks called Plexuses

23. DERMATOMES(sensation)

24. Musculoskeletal motor strength--0 to 5
5--Full ROM with gravity & full resistance
4--Full ROM with gravity & some resistance
3--Full ROM with gravity & No resistance
2-Full ROM with gravity eliminated
1--slight contractility; no joint motion
0--No evidence of contractility

25. REFLEXES

26. REFLEXES