1. 2 - Dimensional Art Has height and width and no real depth
Robert Bateman Polar Bear Profile 1976

2. Medium (media) is the material an artist uses to make an artwork
An artist’s choice of medium may depend on their subject matter and what they want to express.
Each medium has capabilities and limitations
An artist’s subject, purpose, medium, and technique are closely interrelated.

3. Drawing Monochromatic Media
Use of tools to create artworks in different shades of one color
Drawing tools date back thousands of years
Ice Age (12,000 B.C.) hunter-artists used charcoal or red ocher to outline shapes of animals on cave walls

4. Egyptian scribes used ink on sheets of papyrus as far back as 2500 B.C.
European artists began using pencil in the 1400s

5. Monochromatic drawings employ various intensities of a single hue.
Different values can be achieved by changing the amount of pressure put on a drawing tool
Rubbing a charcoal stick
hard on paper makes
darker tones and conceals
more paper
lightly makes lighter tones
concealing less paper

6. Varieties of light and dark can be produced by certain kinds of pencils
The amount of graphite in a pencil determines the type of line it can make
Many pencils are graded on a European system using a continuum from H (for hardness) to B (for blackness)

7. Graphite pencil drawing

8. Different values can be obtained from ink
Ink is opaque (not transparent)
When applied to paper it completely masks the paper
Through variations in the widths and density of strokes, they function as shading

9. Colored chalks lie somewhere between drawing and painting
Pastels are a high-quality form of chalk with a wide range of hues
Allow use of a variety of color without mixing paint or preparing a canvas
They break easily
Surface made with pastels smear easily
Must be sprayed with fixative or framed under glass

10. Mary Cassatt was one of the most skillful artists to use pastels
Often portrayed children
Made no attempt to conceal pastel strokes
Mary Cassatt Margot in a Dark Red Costume Seated in a Round Backed Chair

11. Painting Watercolors consist of pigments mixed with water
Usually transparent and appear luminous
Usually applied to paper specifically made for watercolors and of various weights or porousness
Lively and spontaneous looking
First became popular in the 1800s
Winslow Homer Young Ducks
Winslow Homer The Blue Boat

12. Tempera consists of pigments mixed with emulsion, a watery liquid with droplets of oil suspended in it
Today there are many types of emulsions
Temperas are opaque and creamy
Water is used to thin it and make it flow better
Dries quickly with soft, matte finish
Produces delicate effects
Andrew Wyeth Braids

13. Gouche consists pigments mixed with gum arabic (a water-soluble binder)
A compromise between watercolor and tempera
It is opaque
It is water-based and usually applied to paper
Easier to control than watercolor
Jacob Lawrence This is Harlem

14. Oil consists of pigments mixed with linseed oil.
- Turpentine is the thinner or solvent
- Canvas is the principal type of support
- Gesso must be applied to the canvas to keep oil from rotting it
- Can be opaque or translusent
- Can be thick as plaster or thin as watercolor
- Can be used to create a great variety of effects

15. Various Effects of Oil Leonardo da Vinci The Last Supper
(demonstrates great detail)
Hliburton Hill
(demonstrates the translucenly of oil
Vincent van Gogh A Starry Night
(demonstrates texture of oilt)

16. Acrylic paint is a synthetic material made from plastic
It is water-soluble
Most versatile medium
Acts like watercolor when thinned with water
Used with additives, they can be made to be thicker than oils
Can be made to dry slower with retarders
Can be cleaned up with water
Can be applied directly to canvas without gesso

17. Versatility of Acrylic Paint
Helen Frankenthaler stained canvas with
water-thinned acrylic
Robert Bateman painted photographic-like
imagery with acrylic.
Helen Frankenthaler The Bay 1963
Robert Bateman Grizzly at Rest

18. Fresco is the oldest painting medium
Used to make murals
Consists of mixing pigments with water and applying
onto wet plaster
An area has to be painting quickly because of fast drying
time
Michelangelo The Creation of Adam (The Sistine Chapel)

19. Diego Rivera Detroit Industry

20. Mosaics are designs or pictures composed of numerous pices of stone or glass
The pieces called tesserae are set in cement
Used to decorate walls, ceilings, or floor
Has been called “painting in stone”
Christians covered walls and ceilings of
churches with mosaics

21. Mosaic at St. Mark Basilica in Venice, Italy