1. Human Growth and Development Grade 7
The Life of the Egg
The Life of the Sperm
Fertilization
Pregnancy and Fetal Development
Labour and Delivery
Developed by Saint John Area Public Health Sexual Health Program 2015.
Created for teaching purposes only .Do not reproduce without permission

2. Female Reproductive System

3. The Life of the Egg 300,000-400,000 eggs stored in the ovaries
eggs released during fertile years
Average Menstrual cycle days
First half of cycle- FSH is released - causing the egg to “mature”
As the egg matures – estrogen is increased – prepares the “bed” (endometrium) for the egg
On day 14- LH causes the egg to be released – (Ovulation)

4. Egg lives for 1 day only- most fertile time
Progesterone also increases to prepare the (womb) uterus and prevent it from contracting
The rise in Hormones prevents the ovaries from releasing any more eggs
If sperm does not fertilize the egg—stop production---start over
Hormones drop and the lining is shed about 14 days later- Menses begins.

5. Male Reproductive System

6. The Life of the Sperm
Sperm production starts in the scrotum (thermostat)
Scrotum holds the 2 testes (gonads) which secrete the sex hormone –testosterone and make sperm– ½ billion made every day
It takes 70 days for one sperm to mature.
Sperm have a head (DNA) and a tail (swim)
Once the sperm is made in the testes- other parts of the RS are responsible for the Semen.
Semen is the pool that the sperm swim in.

7. The Life of the Sperm
Immature sperm move from the testes to the epidydmis (Learn to swim)- this process takes 3 weeks.
When the epidydymis is full- wet dream may happen
Move to the vas deferens (moves sperm along)
Sperm need to be nourished along the way:
Seminal Vesicle- Sugar
Prostate- Protein
Cowpers gland- Oil/cleanses tube of urine
Penis - Spongy tissue
Valve closes urinary system- during sexual arousal
million sperm released at once

8. Race to the Egg

9. Fertilization when a sperm cell and an egg join
together fertilization (conception) occurs
the sex of the baby and genetic make-up has been determined
the fertilized egg then starts to divide rapidly into many cells
about three days after conception, the egg passes through the fallopian tube into the uterus where it attaches to the uterine wall
the placenta begins to form - will nourish the baby during pregnancy

11. 4 weeks gestation
structures that eventually form the face and neck are becoming evident
the heart and blood vessels continue to develop
the lungs, stomach, and liver start to develop
a pregnancy test may now be positive

12. 8 weeks
the fetus is about the size of a grape - almost an inch in length
eyelids and ears are forming
the tip of the nose is visible
the arms and legs are well formed with the fingers and toes growing longer and more distinct.

13. 12 weeks - sex organs may be seen
- the fetus measures about 2 inches and is starting to move on its own
- sex organs may be seen
- heart rate may be heard by your doctor

14. 16 weeks fetus is about 4.3 to 4.6 inches, weighs about 2.8 ounces
baby can blink his eyes
heart and blood vessels are fully formed
fingers and toes should have fingerprints
the top of your uterus should be felt about three inches below your belly button

15. 20 weeks weighs about 9 ounces and is about six inches long
can suck a thumb, yawn, stretch, and make faces
mom can feel her baby move which is called "quickening."
- uterus should be at the level of the belly button

16. Ultrasound Time
An ultrasound is generally performed for all pregnant women at 20 weeks of gestation
- doctor will check to make sure the placenta is healthy and attached normally and that your baby is growing well
- heartbeat can be seen
- body, arm, and leg movements can also be seen
- baby’s gender can usually be determined at 20 weeks
2D ultrasound (inset) contrasted with a 4D ultrasound, both at 20 weeks

17. 24 weeks weighs about 1.4 pounds now
can respond to sounds by moving around or with an increased heart rate
may develop hiccups- jerking motion to mom
inner ear is fully developed, may be able to sense being upside down in the womb T

18. 28 weeks weighs about 2 pounds 6 ounces changes position frequently
increased survival rate if your baby is born early (premature)

19. 32 weeks weighs almost 4 pounds often moving
skin has less wrinkles as a layer of fat starts to form under the skin
will gain up to half its birth weight between now and delivery
mom may leak some colostrum from her breasts, a yellowish fluid that is produced before breastmilk

20. 36 weeks weighs around 5.5 pounds, about 12.5 inches
brain has been developing rapidly
lungs are nearly fully developed
head is usually positioned downward into the pelvis for delivery
pregnancy is considered 'at term' once 37 weeks has occurred and baby is ready to be born!

21. 39-40 Weeks
At birth, the average baby is more than 20.5 inches long from head to toe and weighs approximately 7.5 pounds, but babies vary widely in size at this stage.
All organs are fully developed and baby is ready to begin life outside of the uterus.

22. Stages of Labour and Delivery

25. 3 D Labour and Delivery Video
(This is a link to an excellent 2 minute 3 D animated video depicting the stages of labour and birth)

26. References
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