1. Abyssal NOTES

2. CONT(INENTAL)
SHELF
CONT(INENTAL)
SLOPE
CONT(INENTAL)
RISE

3. AVERAGE OCEAN
DEPTH (2.5 miles)
ABYSSAL PLAIN

4. RIFT VALLEY Marginal TRENCH
SUBDUCTION ZONE
Seafloor crust converging
with continental crust
EVEREST

5. Mid-ocean (deep sea) TRENCH
CONVERGENCE of 2 pieces
of seafloor (basaltic) crust

6. 5% 200m / 4000m = PHOTIC Zone 200m PITCH BLACK BLUE
95% OF THE OCEAN IS
PITCH
BLACK
…… …for like
BILLIONS of years
(MAX LIGHT penetration)
BLUE

7. BIOLUMINESCENT!!
Deep-sea fish (etc)

8. Twilight Zone 214m deepest free dive 10 meter max
Aqua Lung* (Jacque Cousteau)
332m max
(He/O mix to 400m)
(ADS to 610m, non-classified)
Twilight
Zone

9. *
Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus

10. Midnight Zone Sperm whale hunts giant squid
Deepest diving mammal: BEAKED WHALE, 2390m
AMPHIPODS
&
SNAILFISH

11. modern subs WW2 ** Deep-Sea Rescue Vehicle 60* meters (10m)
*crush depth
900* meters (100m)
1972**

12. Remotely-Operated Vehicle
…the Titanic
*** UW
Alvin
found…
***

13. Trieste Challenger Deep
Walsh (U.S. Navy) & Picard (Swiss)
January 1960
Jet Fuel “balloon”
(James Cameron 2012)
Challenger Deep
Bathyscaphe
People (diving bell)

15. PHYSICS tells us “you CAN compress a GAS… but NOT a liquid (solid)”
14.7 psi = 1 atm
Increases 1 atm every 10m
At sea level, air is almost 80% NITROGEN. As the pressure
increases, it forces the nitrogen into your bloodstream
which can cause Nitrogen Narcosis or **** . If you surface
too fast, the rapid decrease in pressure allows the nitrogen to convert back into a gas
while still in your blood vessels…turning your blood into FOAM (the “bends”).
15,000 psi
High Pressure Nervous Syndrome
****
…a LIQUID!! Extreme pressure can’t
compress (crush) the bathyscaphe!!...but the fuel is less DENSE than seawater!!
Jet Fuel “balloon”

16. 50 kilotons 24 x 14 = 336 Multiple Re-entry Vehicles up to 14
s per missile
50 kilotons
indepentdently
targeted
Sherwood
Forest
(5 X Hiroshima)
BOOMER
Polaris
24 x 14 =
336
TACTICAL NUKES