1. Lesson 4: The Judicial Branch of State Government
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
What is the role of the judicial branch in Georgia government?

2. Judicial Branch made up of state’s courts purpose:
interpret state constitution
protect legal rights of citizens
enforce laws of the state
due process of law: courts make sure that everyone is protected from abuse by the government
civil cases: disputes between citizens
criminal cases: involve violation of laws
felony: serious crime with severe punishments allowed
misdemeanor: less serious crime with smaller punishments

3. Georgia Courts Supreme Court is state’s highest court
-Justices elected by popular vote to six-year term
-Chief Justice is chosen by the other justices
-appellate: court which reviews cases – no witnesses and juries
court of appeals: second highest court
Superior Court (trial courts): hears criminal and civil cases
examples: magistrate, juvenile, state, superior, probate, municipal (city court)
-Jurisdiction: range of action over which court can rule

4. Jury System a trial by one’s peers
grand jury: determines if enough evidence exists to indict (officially charge) a person
trial jury: citizens whose duty is to determine guilt or innocence of a person charged with a crime

5. Separation of Powers each branch of government has its own powers
similar to US Constitution
designed so that no branch or person can become too powerful
checks and balances system depends on citizens choosing wisely when they vote
Click to return to Table of Contents.