1. Native Americans Conflict with American Expansion

2. Tribes of the Great Plains
Omaha
Osage
Sioux – Lakota
Comanche
Blackfoot
Cheyenne
Pawnee
Crow

3. The economy and livelihood of the Plains Indians depended on the buffalo
food
clothing
weaponry
artistic material
Extinction of Extinction o f the
The Buffalo Plains Indians

4. Effect on the American Buffalo
million
,000
Less than 600
,000

5. Wars with Native Americans
Chief Joseph – Nez Perce
Led several hundred Indians on a march to freedom in Canada
Defeated US troops in a battle, but then captured and placed in an Oklahoma reservation

6. Sand Creek Massacre
US officials forced Cheyenne to give up claims to land
Chief Black Kettle led raids on camps in response
US forces surprised 500 (mainly women and children)
Over 270 dead

7. Promises Broken Laramie Treaty
No white settlement in the Dakotas
The Sioux gathered with Sitting Bull to fight for their lands.

8. Battle of the Little Big Horn
“Custer’s Last Stand”
Sioux tribe vs. General Custer’s 7th Calvary
Native American First and only victory
Custer was sent to move the Native Americans to reservations
Chiefs Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse (10,000 people – 2,000 warriors)
Unaware of the camp’s size and disobedience caused the massacre of 7th Calvary – no survivors, most scalped

9. Wounded Knee Last notable armed conflict Sitting Bull returned home
the Sioux began practicing a religion involving a ghost dance
Bring back the Buffalo, return Native American land, and banish the white man from the earth
Frightened by the rituals, US troops arrested Sitting Bull
Shots broke out – Sitting Bull and Sioux killed

10. Massacre at Wounded Knee

11. Chief Big Foot’s Lifeless Body Wounded Knee, SD, 1890

12. A Century of Dishonor
Helen Hunt Jackson published A Century of Dishonor (1881)
describes how often the US government had violated its treaties with Native Americans.

13. Dawes Act
In 1887, Congress passed the Dawes Act - which offered 160-acre plots on reservations to the heads of Indian households.
Assimilate – to have the Indians become more like the white people and give up their distinctive culture
Huge failure

15. Assimilation

16. Reservations
Reservations were often barren and supported little wild life for hunting. Native Americans were reduced to poverty and hopelessness.
U.S. agents who ran the reservations often pocketed funds intended for the inhabitants.

17. Crazy Horse Monument: Black Hills, SD
Lakota Chief