1. • Weather —atmospheric conditions at a particular location and time
Weather and Climate
• Weather —atmospheric conditions at a particular location and time
• Climate —weather conditions at one location over long a period
Rain Shadow
• Rain shadow —land on opposite side of air movement when it hits hills and mountains (A – wet, B – Desert)
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2. • Huge storms called hurricanes, or typhoons:
- form over warm, tropical ocean waters
- hit land with heavy rain, high winds, storm surge 1
Tornadoes
• Tornado a powerful, funnel-shaped column of spiraling air:
- born from strong thunderstorms
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3. • Blizzard —heavy snowstorm with strong winds, reduced visibility
Weather Extremes
Blizzards
• Blizzard —heavy snowstorm
with strong winds, reduced
visibility
Droughts
• Drought: long period
of time with either no or
minimal rainfall
Floods
• Water spreads out over
normally dry land
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4. Factors Affecting Climate
Wind and Ocean Current
Zones of Latitude
Elevation
Global Warming
• Gradual warming of the earth’s atmosphere
Continued . . .
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5. Climate Regions Tropical Tropical Wet (Hawaii)
• Hot; daily rainfall adds up to more than 80” annually
Tropical Wet and Dry (Bahamas)
• Warm, wet summer season; cooler, dry winter season
Semiarid (Texas)
• Hot summers; mild to cold winters; little precipitation
Desert (Sahara Desert)
• Less than 10” rain per year
Middle Latitudes
Mediterranean (Italy, Greece, Los Angeles)
• Summers dry and hot; winters cool and rainy
Marine West Coast (Seattle, Eastern China)
• Moderate temperatures; frequently cloudy, foggy,
Humid Subtropical (Georgia)
• Long periods of summer heat and humidity; winters mild to cool
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6. High Latitudes (Cold) Humid Continental (New York, Chicago)
• Great variety of temperature, precipitation; four distinct seasons
High Latitudes (Cold)
Subarctic (Southern Canada, Alaska)
• Summers are short and cool; winters are long and very cold
Tundra (Nothern Canada, Alaska)
• Tundra—flat, treeless ring of lands around the Arctic Ocean
• Very little precipitation; summer temperatures around 40°F.
• Permafrost is the constantly frozen subsoil found in this region
Ice Cap (Antarctica)
• Snow, ice, permanently freezing temperatures
Highlands (Appalachian, Rocky Mountains)
• Climate varies with latitude, elevation, topography, location
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7. • Deciduous —broadleaf trees: maple, oak, birch
Vegetation Regions
Forestlands
• Deciduous —broadleaf trees: maple, oak, birch
• Rain forest —tropical forest with broadleaf trees
• Coniferous —needle leaf trees; cone bearing: pine, fir 4
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