1. Endocrine System
Chapter 13

2. Basic Overview: Endocrine vs. Exocrine Paracrine – nearby cells
Prostaglandins
Autocrine – affect itself
Function:
Help Control Homeostasis
Slower than Nervous System
Negative Feedback
Hormones – Chemical Messengers
Released into blood
Only affect target cells
Specific proteins in membrane

4. Pituitary Gland Anterior Pituitary Posterior Pituitary
Controlled by Hypothalamus Hormones (releasing hormones)
Hypophoseal Portal Veins
Growth Hormone, Prolactin, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
Gonadotropins: Leutinizing Hormone, Follicle Stimulating Hormone
Posterior Pituitary
Neurosecretory Cells of Hypothalamus
Anti-diuretic Hormone (vasopressin) – H2O conservation
Oxytocin – Uterus contraction (labor)

5. Other Endocrine Glands
Thyroid
Metabolism (BMR)
Thyroxine + Triiodothryonine
Calcitonin
Parathyroid
Posterior side
PTH – bone resorption
Adrenal
Top of the kidneys
Medulla  Adrenaline (epinephrine) + Noradrenaline (norepinephrine)
Fight or flight
Cortex  Aldosterone + Cortisol

6. Other Endocrine Glands
Pancreas: glucose glycogen
Islets of Langherans
Beta Cells  Insulin  lower blood sugar
Alpha cells  glucagon  increase blood sugar
Delta Cells  Somatostatin
Pineal Gland
Melatonin + circadian rythms
Thymus  Immunity
Shrinks after childhood
Testes, ovaries + placenta
Sex hormones – secondary sex characteristics
Pregnancy test - hcg