1. Endocrine System
Chapter 10

2. Classification of hormones
Water Soluble
Protein based
Lipid based
“steroid”
Insulin
Glucagon
Epinephrine
Growth hormone
Prolactin
FSH LH
Calcitonin
TSH
Thyroxine
ACTH
Epinephrine
Oxytocin
MSH
ADH
PTH
Cortisol
Aldosterone
Androgens
Estrogen
Progesterone
Testosterone

3. Target Tissues Prolactin: breast ACTH: adrenal glands
Melatonin: brain
TSH: thyroid
FSH and LH: gonads
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone: melanocytes
Growth Hormone: bone, muscle, organs
Prolactin: breast
ACTH: adrenal glands
Antidiuretic Hormone: kidneys
Oxytocin: breast, uterus
Thyroxine: bone, neurons, most tissues
Calcitonin: bone, kidney

4. Target Tissues Cortisol:liver, muscle, adipose, MOST tissues
Aldosterone: kidney
Glucagon: Liver, muscle
Insulin: Liver, muscle, satiety center of hypothalamus
PTH: bone, kidney
Thymosin: thymus
Epinephrine: liver, heart, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue
Norepinephrine: skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, liver, blood vessels

5. How do protein based hormones and lipid based hormones differ in how they affect cells?
Lipid based will be the primary messenger, going directly into the cell
Protein based must use a second messenger after docking to a receptor on the outside of the cell membrane

6. What are three ways endocrine glands can be stimulated?
Changes in the blood (humoral )
By other hormones
By neuronal pathways (the sympathetic nervous system will stimulate the adrenal medulla to release epinephrine)

7. Which of the following is involved in normal development of the immune response:
Adrenal medulla
Thyroid
Pancreas
thymus
D: Thymus: stimulate production of t cells

8. Which of the following is NOT a tropic hormone of the anterior pituitary gland?
Adrena Cortiocotropin Hormone
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
Growth hormone
Luteinizing H0rmone
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
C: GH and PRL are NOT tropic hormones because they do not stimulate another gland to produce

9. Which of the following does growth hormone NOT promote?
Promotes bone growth
Promotes muscle growth
Promotes production of sperm
Promotes growth of organs C

10. What is Negative Feedback?
Cause a great fluctuation in hormone concentration within the blood
Inhibit hormone release once a set point for that hormone has been reached
Create imbalances in homeostasis and potential disease
Signal the endocrine organs to shut down completely b

11. A hormone is a chemical that
Is produced by living cells
Regulate metabolic activities
Is distributed via the blood or other body fluids (like lymph)
All of the above d

12. Most hormones are classified as:
Nucleic acids or amino-acids
Amino acids or carbohydrates
Steroids or amino-acids
Carbohydrates or nucleic acids C

13. Which element is important for building thyroxine?
Iron
Iodine
Calcium
Potassium
Sodium B

14. Which element is regulated by Parathyroid hormone?
Iron
Iodine
Calcium
Potassium
Sodium C

15. Which of the following is able to bind only to receptors on the outside of cell membranes?
Steroid hormones
Water soluble hormones
Carbohydrates
Iodine hormones B

16. The anterior pituitary secretes all of the following EXCEPT:
Antidiuretic hormone
Growth hormone
Gonadotropins
Thyroid stimulating hormone A

17. Which is NOT a tropic hormone?
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Follicle stimulating hormone
Releasing hormones from the hypothalamus
Prolactin D

18. Which hormone is NOT involved with sugar metabolism?
Glucagon
Cortisol
Aldosterone
Insulin C

19. Which hormone acts to increase blood volume??
Insulin
Melatonin
Epinephrine
Antidiuretic hormone D

20. When too little thyroxine is produced from childhood, which disease develops?
Graves disease
Diabetes mellitus
Congenital Hypothyroidism
Osteoporosis C

21. When too little thyroxine is produced from childhood, which disease develops?
Graves disease
Diabetes mellitus
Congenital Hypothyroidism
Osteoporosis C

22. Gonadotropins: Are produced by the gonads
Are hormones that act on the gonads
Are produced in only one gender B

23. The ability of a tissue to respond to a specific hormone depends on:
The location of the tissue with respect to the gland producing the hormone
The presence of appropriate receptors on the cells of the tissue
Nothing – all hormones of the body can affect all tissues B

24. When “fight or flight” becomes necessary, which hormone is released?
Estrogen
Epinephrine
Thyroxine
Antidiuretic hormone B

25. The major target for growth hormones include:
Blood vessels
Adrenal glands
Liver
Bones and skeletal muscles
Kidneys D

26. The major target tissues for insulin:
Blood vessels
Adrenal glands
Liver
Bones and skeletal muscles
Kidneys C

27. The pathway to release cortisol is :
Anterior pituitary – hypothalamus – adrenal gland
Anterior pituitary – adrenal gland – hypothalamus
Adrenal gland – anterior pituitary - hypothalamus
Hypothalamus – adrenal gland – anterior pituitary
Hypothalamus – anterior pituitary- adrenal gland E

28. Follicle stimulating hormone is NOT:
A gonadotropin
Produced by females
Produced by males
A tropic hormone
A steroid hormone E

29. Which gland? A
Pancreas

30. Which gland? A
Adrenal

31. Which gland is #1?
Pineal

32. Which gland is #7?
Ovaries

33. Which gland is #4? 2: pituitary 3: thyroid 4: thalamus 5: adrenal
6: pancreas
7: ovary
8: teste