1. Necessity: didn’t need to / didn’t have to / needn’t have
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didn’t need to and didn’t have to
I didn’t need to buy a protective case.
(I had one already, so I didn’t buy one.)
We didn’t have to plug the laptop in.
(It had enough battery time left, so I didn’t plug it in.)
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needn’t have
He needn’t have upgraded his system.
(He upgraded the system, but it wasn’t necessary.)
We needn’t have bought a new tablet.
(We bought a new tablet, but our old one was just as good.)
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GET IT RIGHT! 
I needn’t to to
have handed that
homework in today. 
Mom didn’t need to
cook me dinner
today because I ate at school.
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Language in action
Lexi: How is your computer class, John? John: Oh, it’s great! This term I _____________ take cash to pay the teacher – I transferred the money online! Lexi: Wow, John– that’s amazing! You ____________ call me to check how to do it either. Did you make notes in class? John: Yes, I did, but I ___________ made notes, because I remembered what to do. Lexi: That’s so good. I thought it would be hard for you, but I _______ ____ worried. Next you’ll be posting updates and streaming videos!
didn’t have to
didn’t need to
needn’t have
needn’t
have
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6. Respond to these situations.
I bought a new charger and then I found the one I’d lost!
“You needn’t
have
bought
a new charger.”
I saw all my friends last night, so I didn’t post an update.
I didn’t need
/ I didn’t have
to post an update
because I saw all my friends last night.
Mom watered the artificial flowers before she realized they weren’t real!
She needn’t
have
watered the flowers!
He was going to use my phone data, but then he saw that there was
free Wi-Fi.
He didn’t need
/ He didn’t have
to use his phone data
because there was free Wi-Fi.
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7. Can you remember the rules?
We use didn’t need to, didn’t have to, and needn’t have to talk about the past necessity of actions. There is a small but important difference between the structures. Didn’t need to and didn’t have to usually suggest that we didn’t do something because it wasn’t necessary.
We didn’t need to go to the stadium because it was on TV. (We didn’t go.)
I didn’t have to call Ann because I ran into her at the mall. (I didn’t call her.)
We form the constructions with did + need + to infinitive and did + have + to infinitive.
I didn’t need to see the doctor. (I didn’t see the doctor.)
She didn’t have to do her homework on Friday. (She didn’t do it.)
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8. Can you remember the rules?
Needn’t have means that we did something, but actually it wasn’t necessary.
I needn’t have cooked all this food – only four people came to the party.
(We cooked a lot of food but it wasn’t necessary.)
She needn’t have taken an umbrella. It’s sunny today.
(She brought an umbrella, but it wasn’t necessary.)
We form the construction with need + not + have.
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The birthday presents
Natasha
Anna
Martha
Dennis
Julia Jo
Kate
Alex
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The shopping trip
drugstore
restaurant
a pair of sneakers
some books
an MP3 player
a cake
some pens
a red T-shirt
a tennis racket
shoe
store
bookstore
bakery
supermarket
sports
store
department store
movie theater
clothing store
post office
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11. Who needs Superman?! I saved you from falling.
I prefer you with your glasses on.
I like doing my homework.
I flew you to New York.
I can take care of myself.
I wore my special suit.
I like your normal clothes.
I took my glasses off.
I could have gotten there myself.
I rescued you from Mrs. Bolt’s homework club.
Superman: I saved you from falling.
You: You needn’t have saved me. I can take care of myself.
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Acknowledgements
The authors and publishers acknowledge the following sources of copyright material and are grateful for the permissions granted. While every effort has been made, it has not always been possible to identify the sources of all the material used, or to trace all copyright holders. If any omissions are brought to our notice, we will be happy to include the appropriate acknowledgements on reprinting and in the next update to the digital edition, as applicable. The publishers are grateful to the following for permission to reproduce copyright photographs and material: Slide 11: ©BJI/Blue Jean Images/Getty Images The publishers are grateful to the following illustrators: Christos Skaltsas (Slide 10) and Zaharias Papadopoulos (Slide 9) at hyphen. Written by Emma Szlachta
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