1. Components of Computer Integrated Manufacturing: CAD/CAM
Unit 2
Components of Computer Integrated Manufacturing: CAD/CAM

2. Computer-Integrated Manufacturing (CIM)
CIM is the manufacturing approach of using computers to control the entire production process.
This integration allows individual processes to exchange information with each other and initiate actions.
Through the integration of computers, manufacturing can be faster and less error-prone.

3. CIM Components or Subsystems Include:
CAD
CAM
CAPP
CAE
ERP
PLC
Computers
Automated conveyors
CNC
DNC
Robotics
Controllers
FMS
ASRS
AGV
Monitoring equipment
Others

4. Product Design and Production Engineering
Chapter 3
Product Design and Production Engineering

5. Product Design and Production Engineering
These areas or departments are appropriate starting points for a detailed study of CIM
The two have embraced and encouraged the use of technology to reduce many tedious manual tasks
The initial creation of data starts in these areas
It is appropriate to have a common data base for all the data

6. Sample CIM Sub-Systems
Design
Man
Prod Eng
Sales & Mark

7. Design Information Flow
The product area is responsible for product design and analysis, material selection, and design and production documentation.
The production engineering area adds production standards for labor, process, and quality to the product data from design area.
Engineering release is responsible for product change control.

8. The Design Process: A model
Although there is a five-step design process, marketing plays a role before design engineering picks up

10. Step 1: Conceptualization
Conceptualization (recognition of need & definition of the problem)
Form (shape, style, and character)
Fit (marketing fit or order winning criteria)
Function is determined with data from marketing
Divided into two: Typical and atypical
Typical design relates to repetitive design
Atypical design is for new product

11. Step 2: Synthesis Specification of material
Addition of geometric features
Inclusion of greater dimensional details to conceptualized design
Removes (filters) cost-adding features and materials
Employs DFM and DFA to ensure good design
About 70% of manufacturing cost is fixed in steps 1 and 2 activities

12. Step 3: Analysis
Analysis means determining/describing the nature of the design by separating it into its parts to determine the fit between the proposed design and the original design goals
Two categories of analysis are mass properties and finite
Can be performed manually, but the computer increases analysis capability and reduces its time

13. Step 4: Evaluation
Checks the design against the original specifications
Often requires construction of a prototype to test for conformance
Often employs rapid prototyping technique

14. Step 5: Documentation
Creating all necessary product and part views in the form of working drawings, detailed and assembly drawings
Addition of dimensions, tolerances, special manufacturing notes, and standard components
Creation of part numbers, bill of materials, and detailed part specifications
Creation of product electronic data files used by manufacturing planning and control, production engineering, marketing and quality control

15. Types of Data Generated in Design
Product names
Parts names
Part views
Design notes
Product materials
Bill of materials (BOM)
Material shapes and forms
Product quantities
Material suppliers
Products and parts dimensions
Product and parts tolerances
Part numbers
Drawing numbers
Product cost
Others

16. Design Database

17. CAD Design Subsystem Parts Cost BOM Part Nos. Material Suppliers
Dimensions
Cost

18. Types of CIM Subsystems
CAD
CAM
CAPP
CAE
Data Base

19. Chapter 4: Design Automation: CAD
CAD is the application of computers and graphics software to aid or enhance the product design from conceptualization to documentation.
Computer-aided drafting (CAD) automates the drawing or product documentation process.
Computer-aided design (CAD) is used to increase the productivity of the product designers.

20. CAD System Capabilities Include:
Stand-alone PC and RISC-based CAD workstations at each engineering and design drafting location
The ability to share part data and product information with every station in the system

21. CAD System Capabilities Include:
Access to part data files from the mainframe computers on the network
Shared peripheral resources such as printers and plotters
Concurrent work on the same project from multiple workstations, one of the reasons our team project needs a web site or data base.

22. Basic CAD System Includes:
Keyboard
Input devices
Output devices

23. Application of CAD to Manufacturing Systems
Concept and repetitive design (product, fixtures, gauges, pallets, mold, etc.)
Drafting
New product development management (PDM) and the Internet

24. Computer-aided Manufacturing (CAM)
·  CAM is the effective use of computer technology in the planning, management, and control of production for the enterprise.
·  One of the major applications of CAM is in CAD/CAM where the part geometry created with CAD in the design engineering is used with CAM software to create machine code (NC/CNC) capable of machining the part.

25. Computer-aided Manufacturing
Includes the use of CAD files to:
Define the machine tool that will process the part
Define the stock or material
Define the features to machine
Generate operations
Select the origin
Generate tool paths
Simulate tool paths
Generate NC code
Download NC programs
Operate the CNC machine that will cut the part

26. Data Communication Processes in CAD/CAM
Data is created
Data is generated
Data is simulated
Data is transformed
Data is translated
Data is cleaned
Data is stored
Data is communicated
Data is manipulated
Data is managed
Data is analyzed
Data is retrieved
Data is interpreted

27. Numerical Control (NC), Computer Numerical Control (CNC), and Distributive Numerical Control (DNC)
CNC “behind the reader” system
DNC minicomputer system

28. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Network Demands
·  A common database for enterprise information flow
·  Easy, accurate and instantaneous movement of part geometry files and product data between departments
·  An enterprise network is a communications system that supports communications and the exchange of information and data among various devices connected to the network over distances from several feet to thousands of miles

29. Data is Defined as: · Information · Statistics · Facts · Figures
·     Number
·     Records
·     Report
·     Account
·     Minutes
·     Proceedings

30. How Data is Acquired and Used in a CIM Environment
·     By Simple Data Acquisition, such as:
Ø Given Data
Ø Measurement Data
·     By Data Generation (from CAD)
·     By Data Importation (from CAD)
·     By Data Analysis (from CAD)
·     By Data Computing (from CAD)
·     By Data Conversion (from CAD)
·     By Data Formatting (from CAD)
·     By Data Processing (from CAD)
·     By Data Translation

31. Product As Origin Of Data
Des
Sup
Anal
Life
Proc
MAR
Wor
CUS
M/H
Cost
Sch
Insp
Unit
Lay
Com
Mate

32. Design Conceptual design (parts and assembly)
Synthesis (materials, geometry, DFM etc.)
Analysis (meeting original design goals)
Evaluation (using prototypes)
Documentation (views, BOM, part numbers, dimensions etc.)
Bill of materials (BOM) creation
Product structure diagram

33. Manufacturing MRP & daily production scheduling tasks
Capacity & production activity control tasks
Part manufacture (material processing)
Product assembly
Quality and inspection tasks
Material handling tasks
Storage & retrieval tasks

34. CIM Database

35. Sub-Systems of CIM
Pro Eng
Des
Mkt
Man
CIM
DATABASE
Sub-Systems of CIM

36. System-To-System
CAM
CAD

37. Worker-To-System
CAPP
Worker

38. System-To-Worker
Operator
CNC Machine

39. Worker-To-Worker
CAE (Man Engineer)
CAD (Designer)

40. CIM DATABASE INS CAD ROB CUS MAR MRP AGV CAE EST CNC DOC PUR CAM ANA
BOM
EST
CAM
CAPP
PUR
CAD
DOC
MRP
Components of Computer-Integrated Manufacturing

41. Current Capabilities and Applications
·        Networks
·        Hardware communications
·        Embedded computers
·        Systems integration

42. Problems to Overcome in Implementing CIM
·        Interdepartmental support/politics
·        CIM justification
·        Intangible benefits

43. Sample CIM Sub-Systems
Design
Man
Prod Eng
Sales & Mark

44. CIM DATABASE INS CAD ROB CUS MAR MRP AGV CAE EST CNC DOC PUR CAM ANA
BOM
EST
CAM
CAPP
PUR
CAD
DOC
MRP

45. Design
Prod Eng
Sales & Mark
Man
Sample
CIM Network