1. English 1 PA
Lecture 5

2. Although

3. Although
used for introducing a statement that makes the main statement in a sentence seem surprising
Although the sun was shining, it wasn't very warm.
Although small, the kitchen is well designed.

4. Ways of saying ‘but’
Politicians have promised to improve road safety. So far, however, little has been achieved.
Despite clear evidence from road safety studies, no new measures have been introduced.
Politicians have promised to improve road safety.  In spite of this/Despite this, little has been achieved so far.
Although politicians have promised to improve road safety, little has been achieved so far

5. although / even though / though
You can use these words to show contrast between two clauses or two sentences. 
Though is used more in spoken than in written English.
You can use although, even though and though at the beginning of a sentence or clause that has a verb.
Notice where the commas go:
Although/​Even though/​Though everyone played well, we lost the game. 
We lost the game, although/​even though/​though everyone played well.
You cannot use even on its own at the beginning of a sentence or clause instead of although, even though or though:Even everyone played well, we lost the game.

6. Understanding emotions

8. Primary emotion
Secondary emotion
Tertiary emotions
Love
Affection
Adoration, affection, love, fondness, liking, attraction, caring, tenderness, compassion, sentimentality
Lust
Arousal, desire, lust, passion, infatuation
Longing
Joy
Cheerfulness
Amusement, bliss, cheerfulness, gaiety, glee, jolliness, joviality, joy, delight, enjoyment, gladness, happiness, jubilation, elation, satisfaction, ecstasy, euphoria
Zest
Enthusiasm, zeal, zest, excitement, thrill, exhilaration
Contentment
Contentment, pleasure
Pride
Pride, triumph
Optimism
Eagerness, hope, optimism
Enthrallment
Enthrallment, rapture
Relief
Surprise
Amazement, surprise, astonishment

9. Primary emotion
Secondary emotion
Tertiary emotions
Anger
Irritation
Aggravation, irritation, agitation, annoyance, grouchiness, grumpiness
Exasperation
Exasperation, frustration
Rage
Anger, rage, outrage, fury, wrath, hostility, ferocity, bitterness, hate, loathing, scorn, spite, vengefulness, dislike, resentment
Disgust
Disgust, revulsion, contempt
Envy
Envy, jealousy
Torment
Sadness
Suffering
Agony, suffering, hurt, anguish
Depression, despair, hopelessness, gloom, glumness, sadness, unhappiness, grief, sorrow, woe, misery, melancholy
Disappointment
Dismay, disappointment, displeasure

10. Primary emotion
Secondary emotion
Tertiary emotions
Sadness
Disappointment
Dismay, disappointment, displeasure
Shame
Guilt, shame, regret, remorse
Neglect
Alienation, isolation, neglect, loneliness, rejection, homesickness, defeat, dejection, insecurity, embarrassment, humiliation, insult
Sympathy
Pity, sympathy
Fear
Horror
Alarm, shock, fear, fright, horror, terror, panic, hysteria, mortification
Nervousness
Anxiety, nervousness, tenseness, uneasiness, apprehension, worry, distress, dread

11. What Causes Fear - A Scientist's Perspective
Continuing on with the scientific explanation
early humans were more likely to survive (and reproduce)
well, it is a natural response to danger or pain for one thing
These structures are the key processing centers for negative emotions.
and Scientists believe it comes about as a result of natural selection
if they recognized or feared dangerous situations and were able to avoid them.
there are almond-shaped structures within the brain called amygdalae

12. Kids at heart
even the slightest thing such as finding a cute ladybug on a flower was exhilarating!
remember those days in kindergarten when you wished life was all about “fun” and “play”
but we certainly try to be “kids at heart” every once in a while
laugh, play, joke around, eat noodles with pick, jump on a bed,blow bubbles, make snow angels, and just learn to have crazy, random fun once in a while.
and focus more on the positive than we do
sometimes, we envy our kids for being so full of life and not having anything to worry about
but that’s probably because they also find ways to enjoy such trivial moments in life
we can’t be kids again

13. Letter

14. The form of a letter Printed Letter head Reference Date Inside address
Attention line (may be omitted)
Salutation
Subject line (may be omitted)
Body of letter
Complimentary close
Signature
Enclosure (if any)

15. The form of a letter
1. RELIANCE HOLDINGS FINANCE GROUP 88 Martins Lane London EC2V 6BH Telephone Your ref: LE/N Our ref: HCD/RP 3. 14th November 20__ 4. Mess Watson & Bruce Hardware Dealers 14 Castle Road Edinburgh 5. Attention: Mr. P. James 6. Dear Sirs, 7. Up-to-date list of addresses 8. Thank you for your letter of 11th November, asking for an up-to-date list of addresses of our branches. We have pleasure in enclosing this brochure, showing the location of all our branches and agencies at home and abroad. 9. Yours Faithfully, 10. S.S. Carson Group Organization RELIANCE HOLDINGS 11. Enc.

16. Use at least 6 words from tertiary emotions
Make a letter of words based on 3 of these pictures on Alcoholism from an insider’s perspective
Use at least 6 words from tertiary emotions

17. Picture A

18. Picture B

19. Picture C

20. Picture D

21. Picture E

22. Picture F

23. Understanding Article 4
Mental Health

24. Question
What is the percentage of illnesses in the world that is caused by MNS disorders?
Can the application be used for drug abuse victims? Which line indicated it?
Assuming Indonesia has a population of 260 billion people how many male suicide deaths happened on 2015?
On female map, what is the suicide rate of France?