1. Gerund & Infinitive

2. The Gerund Uses
1. Subject of a verb: Smoking is bad for you. 2. Object of verb: Do you like smoking? 3.The complement of to be: His favorite activity is watching television. 4. After prepositions: She is very good at listening to people. 5. After determiners (a, the, this, some, a lot of): 6. The bombing of civilians horrified everyone. 7. After the possessive adjectives, object pronouns or noun: I hope you don’t mind his/him/John coming here.

3. 8. After adjectives: Regular swimming is very good for you. 9
8. After adjectives: Regular swimming is very good for you. 9. In certain expression: It’s no use trying to help her. Is this for peeling vegetables. How about going out for a meal tonight? There are some jobs I hate, like washing, and ironing the clothes. No smoking.

4. The infinitive uses
1. After certain verbs: they agreed to come 2. After certain verbs + person (objects) 3. I asked her to come here. 4. After to be: My first thought was to phone you. 5. To express purpose: I came here to tell you the good news. 6. After be + adjective (+ of+ noun/pronoun) -It was nice to see you. -It’s kind of you to help me. -She is very keen to do the course.

5. 7. After the first/ second/ last/ only/ best (and other superlative adjectives)+ noun or pronoun ‘one’
-He was the only one to die
8. After noun/ pronoun. The verb in the infinitive relates to the preceding noun/ pronoun
-There’s a lot of work to do
-I’ve got a few people to see
9. After verbs of knowing and believing :
Verb + object + infinitive
Or verb in the passive+ infinitive
-I know him to be an honest man.
-He is known to be an honest man
-We consider it to be our duty.
-It is considered to be our duty.

6. 10. After verb + question word:
I don’t know what to do.
11. After too + adjective and after adjective + enough
He is too l to come
The garden isn’t big enough to play games in.
12. After is/are to describe a future event:
He is to become Mayor next month.

7. The bare infinitive uses
After modals and after the auxiliaries do/did
You must come
They may arrive
Did you pass the exam?
2. After Let’s …….
Let’s go out tonight
3. After make + noun/ pronoun object
I’d rather walk there than the bus.
I’d rather not stay out late tonight.

8. 4. After had better:
-We’d better go home now.
5. After WHY not……?
Why not phone me tomorrow?
6. After a verb of perceptions (see, watch, feel, hear ) + object:
I didn’t hear you come in.
7. When there is a series of infinitives after a verb:
I’d like to come and see you.