1. CHAPTER
NEW CHAPTER
Movement and Forces
the BIG idea
Muscles and bones provide forces and levers to move the body.
10.1
The skeletal system provides support and protection.
10.2
The muscular system makes movement possible.
10.3
Muscles exert forces.
10.4
Bones and joints act as levers.
CHAPTER OUTLINE
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2. The skeletal system provides support and protection.
10.1
The skeletal system provides support and protection.
CALIFORNIA
Content Standards
7.5.c Students know how bones and muscles work together to provide a structural framework for movement.
7.6.h Students know how to compare joints in the body (wrist, shoulder, thigh) with structures used in machines and simple devices (hinge, ball-and-socket, and sliding joints).
skeletal system
axial skeleton
appendicular skeleton
joint
cartilage
CHAPTER
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SECTION
OUTLINE

3. The skeletal system provides support and protection.
10.1
The skeletal system provides support and protection.
The skeleton is the body’s framework and has two main divisions,
Bones are living tissue.
skeletal system
axial skeleton
the axial skeleton
and the appendicular skeleton.
appendicular skeleton
axial skeleton
Bones come together at joints.
joint
cartilage
appendicular skeleton
CHAPTER
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SIMULATION
Assemble a virtual skeleton.
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OUTLINE

4. The muscular system makes movement possible.
10.2
The muscular system makes movement possible.
CALIFORNIA
Content Standards
7.5.c Students know how bones and muscles work together to provide a structural framework for movement.
muscular system
skeletal muscle
smooth muscle
potato plant
cardiac muscle
tuber
CHAPTER
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plant cell
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OUTLINE
starch granules

5. The muscular system makes movement possible.
10.2
The muscular system makes movement possible.
muscular system
Type of Muscle
Function
skeletal muscle
Skeletal muscle, voluntary
Moves bones, maintain posture and body temperature
smooth muscle
potato plant
cardiac muscle
Moves internal organs, such as the intestines
Smooth muscle, involuntary
tuber
Pumps blood throughout the body
Cardiac muscle, involuntary
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
plant cell
SECTION
OUTLINE
starch granules

6. 10.3 CALIFORNIA Content Standards Muscles exert forces.
7.5.c Students know how bones and muscles work together to provide a structural framework for movement.
7.6.h Students know how to compare joints in the body (wrist, shoulder, thigh) with structures used in machines and simple devices (hinge, ball-and-socket, and sliding joints).
force
simple machine
CHAPTER
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OUTLINE

7. 10.3
Muscles exert forces.
• Muscles provide forces that produce motion.
force
• Parts of the body act as simple machines.
simple machine
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OUTLINE

8. Bones and joints act levers.
10.4
Bones and joints act levers.
CALIFORNIA
Content Standards
7.6.i Students know how levers confer mechanical advantage and how the application of this principle applies to the musculoskeletal system.
lever
fulcrum
input force
output force
mechanical advantage
CHAPTER
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SECTION
OUTLINE

9. Bones and joints act levers.
10.4
Bones and joints act levers.
• A bone acts as a lever with a joint as its fulcrum.
lever
• Levers can be arranged in different ways.
fulcrum
input force
output force
mechanical advantage
SIMULATION
Explore how a lever works.
CLASSZONE.COM
CHAPTER
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SECTION
OUTLINE

10. 10.1 The skeletal system provides support and protection.
I. The skeletal system provides support and protection.
skeletal system
A. The skeleton is the body’s framework.
axial skeleton
1. The Axial Skeleton
appendicular skeleton
2. The Appendicular Skeleton
joint
B. Bones are living tissue.
cartilage
C. Joints connect parts of the skeletal system.
1. Immovable and Slightly Movable Joints
2. Freely Movable Joints
CHAPTER
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KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

11. The muscular system makes movement possible.
10.2
The muscular system makes movement possible.
II. The muscular system makes movement possible.
muscular system
A. Muscles perform important functions.
skeletal muscle
1. Movement
smooth muscle
2. Maintaining Body Temperature
cardiac muscle
3. Maintaining Posture
B. Your body has different types of muscle.
1. Skeletal Muscle
2. Smooth Muscle
3. Cardiac Muscle
C. Skeletal muscles, tendons, and joints allow bones to move.
CHAPTER
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KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY
D. Muscles grow and heal.

12. 10.3 Muscles exert forces. III. Muscles exert forces.
A. Muscles provide forces that produce motion.
simple machine
B. Forces act along the muscles.
C. More than one force affects your body.
D. Some body parts act like simple machines.
1. Pulleys
2. Inclined Planes
3. Levers
CHAPTER
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KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

13. Bones and joints act levers.
10.4
Bones and joints act levers.
IV. Bones and joints act levers.
lever
A. The body uses levers.
fulcrum
B. Levers can change the effects of a force.
input force
1. Fulcrum
2. Input Force and Output Force
output force
3. Changing Force Size and Movement Distance
mechanical advantage
C. Different lever arrangements serve different purposes.
1. Mechanical Advantage
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
2. Classes of Levers
D. The body’s levers can be used effectively.
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

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Image Gallery
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SIMULATION
Assemble a virtual skeleton.
SIMULATION
Explore how a lever works.
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