1. Unit 6
Learning

2. Module 26: How We Learn and Classical Conditioning
Do First:
Answer each of the items on your paper using T and F.
Be sure your Module 26 HW is out and ready to go!
Done early?
Begin housekeeping your binder – straighten out your units and begin your Unit 6 section.

3. Schedule of Unit 6 Day 1: How We Learn and Classical Conditioning
Day 2: Operant Conditioning + Classical Conditioning Practice
Day 3: Comparing Classical and Operant Conditioning
Day 4: Biology, Cognition, and Learning
Day 5: Learning by Observation
Day 6: Writing Bibliographies + Unit Review
Day 7: Unit 6 Test

4. SWBAT describe basic classical conditioning principles and concepts
Module 26 Objective
SWBAT describe basic classical conditioning principles and concepts

5. How Do We Learn? Learning
Process of acquiring new information or behaviors that LAST (endure)
Stimulus
An input that “stimulates” (activates a response) an organism
Habituation
The tendency to have reduced responses to a stimulus over time (think adapting to a cold room or warm day)

6. Types of Learning Two types of learning Learning by association
Classical conditioning
The association is TWO or more stimuli
Operant conditioning
The association is action and consequence
Learning by observation

7. Classical Conditioning
Classical conditioning is association of stimuli that cause a response

8. Operant Conditioning
Operant conditioning

9. Classical Conditioning
Ivan Pavlov and his dogs:
Behaviorist – believed we should only study OBSERVABLE behavior
Neutral Stimulus (NS)
Stimulus that DOES NOT cause a response
Unconditioned Stimulus (US)
Stimulus that instinctively causes response
Unconditioned Response (UR)
Response caused by the US
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
Previously the neutral stimulus, causes a response
Conditioned Response (CR)
The now-conditioned response to the CS

10. Classical Conditioning
Ivan Pavlov and his dogs:
Behaviorist – believed we should only study OBSERVABLE behavior
Neutral Stimulus (NS)
Stimulus that DOES NOT cause a response
Unconditioned Stimulus (US)
Stimulus that instinctively causes response
Unconditioned Response (UR)
Response caused by the US
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
Previously the neutral stimulus, causes a response
Conditioned Response (CR)
The now-conditioned response to the CS

11. Classical Conditioning
Identify EACH of the following in the clip:
NS, US, UR, CS, CR

12. Classical Conditioning
Acquisition
The “learning curve” as a person responds to the stimulus with the CR more and more
Higher order conditioning
Pairing a 2nd stimulus
In Pavlov’s experiment, he then paired a flashing light with the bell
Dog’s began to salivate when the light flashed, even though the food and the light had never been presented together

13. Classical Conditioning
Extinction
If you gradually present the CS without CR, eventually the CR will stop
Spontaneous recovery
After a period of time, if you present the CS AGAIN, CR will reappear

14. Classical Conditioning
Generalization
Tendency to “generalize” CR to other stimuli that are similar to CS

15. Classical Conditioning
Generalization
Tendency to “generalize” CR to other stimuli that are similar to CS
Discrimination
Learned ability to differentiate between stimuli that signal response and stimuli that don’t
EX: the lunch bell is the same as all 13 other bells over the school day, but you only get hungry in response to one

16. Legacy of Pavlov and the Behaviorists
Showed how to study a topic scientifically
Classical conditioning applies to most organisms capable of learning – INCLUDING humans!
Little Baby Albert:
Another scientist, John Watson, classically conditioned a baby to fear a white, fluffy rabbit (every time he saw it, a loud sound would happen)
Albert generalized – he became afraid of white, fluffy bunnies, but also cotton balls, Santa beards, and pillows
Albert’s mother withdrew him from the study, and they essentially disappeared – no one knows if Albert ever got over his fear