1. The Rock Cycle and Changes in the Earth

2. The Rock Cycle and Changes in the Earth

3. Rock Cycle Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic Weathering Weathering
Pressure
Melting
Pressure
Metamorphic
Igneous
Melting 3

4. What properties of each type of rock
Properties of Rocks
What properties of each type of rock
did we observe?
Igneous:
Sedimentary:
Metamorphic:
may have large or small crystals; can be shiny or glassy; can have air holes that allow it to float on water.
have flat layers and may contain fossils; they are usually softer than other rocks and have grains that can easily be scraped off the surface.
has crystals or grains that are in wavy layers.

5. Examples of Types of Rocks
What examples of each type
of rock have we identified?
Igneous: Obsidian, Granite, Basalt, Pumice
Sedimentary: Sandstone, Limestone, Conglomerate, Shale
Metamorphic: Slate, Marble, Quartzite, Gneiss

6. Rock Cycle
Rocks are formed by the heating, squeezing, weathering, melting and cooling of rocks

7. How are rocks formed?
Igneous: forms when magma cools and becomes solid.
Sedimentary: forms when layers of sediment join together making a solid rock.
Metamorphic: forms when other rocks are heated and/or squeezed.

8. Review of Terms
Igneous – rock formed when magma cools and becomes solid.
Sedimentary - rock formed when sediment joins together becoming a solid rock.
Metamorphic – rock formed when rocks are heated and squeezed.

9. Review of Terms
Lava – melted rock that flows out of the ground onto the Earth’s surface.
Rock – a solid mixture of minerals that was formed in the Earth’s crust.
Mineral – a solid natural material that has a crystal form and its own set of properties.
Property – a characteristic of a substance.

10. Review of Terms
Rock Cycle – the process of creating and changing rocks.
Weathering – the process of breaking rock into smaller pieces by water, wind, plants, and sun.
Melting – the process of heating rock into a liquid.
Pressure – the process of squeezing rock.

11. The Rock Cycle and Changes in the Earth
Rocks and Minerals

12. Compare and Contrast Rocks and Minerals
How Rocks & Minerals Are Alike
Both are solid earth materials
Both have crystals
Both are made of minerals
How Rocks & Minerals Are Different
Rocks contain 2 or more minerals
Minerals have only one mineral
Minerals have own special properties

13. How did we Identify Minerals?
Color – a mineral may be one color or
different colors.
Luster – how a mineral’s surface reflects light
Hardness – a mineral may be very hard or soft
Streak – the color of the mark when it is
scraped on a white tile
Magnetism – the attraction of a mineral to a
magnet

14. Review of Terms
Mineral – a solid natural material that has a crystal form and its own set of properties
Rock – a solid mixture of minerals that was formed in Earth’s crust
Property – a characteristic of a substance.
Properties include color, hardness,
streak and magnetism.

15. Review of Terms Color – the color (s) contained in a rock
Hardness – the ability of a mineral to resist being scratched.
Streak – the color of the mark that a mineral makes when it is scraped on a white tile.
Magnetism – the ability of a rock to be attracted to a magnet.

16. The Rock Cycle and Changes in the Earth
Layers of the Earth 16

17. Layers of the Earth
Crust
Mantle
Core
Inner core
Outer Core 17

18. Layers of the Earth Crust Outer most layer Thinnest layer of the earth
Made of solid cool rock
Constantly being reformed by erosion and deposition
Composed of two types:
Continental
Oceanic 18

19. Layers of the Earth Mantle Made of melted rock Flows
Moves the earth’s plates around
When it bursts through the crust is called lava 19

20. Layers of the Earth Core Outer Core Inner core Hot High pressure
Molten metal –
nickel and iron
Inner core
Very hot
Very High pressure
Solid metal – 20

21. Review of Terms
Crust – the outer most layer of the earth. It is composed of solid, cool rock.
Mantle – the layer of the earth between the core and the crust. It is composed of melted rock.
Core – the center of the earth it is composed of iron and nickel. It has 2 parts the inner and outer core.
Inner core – Very center of the earth It is composed of solid metal because the pressure is so high.
Outer core – The layer of the core in between the mantle and the inner core. It is composed of liquid metals. 21

22. The Rock Cycle and Changes in the Earth22

23. Ways the Earth’s Surface Changes
Rapid Changes
Volcanoes
Earthquakes
Tsunamis
Landslides
Floods
Slow Changes
Weathering
Erosion
Deposition
Mountain Building 23

24. Review of Terms
Erosion: a slow earth changing process that occurs when fragmented rock is removed by gravity, water, wind, or glacial ice.
Deposition: a slow earth changing process that occurs when fragmented rock that has eroded is dropped in a new place.
Weathering: a slow earth changing process that occurs when rock is broken down and worn away by rock by water, wind, ice, and plants. 24

25. Review of Terms
Mountain Building: a slow earth changing process of pushing rock up to form mountains.
Volcanoes: a rapid earth changing process that occurs when hot melted rock from inside the earth (magma) is pushed up through the earth’s surface (lava).
Earthquakes: a rapid earth changing process that occurs when hugs slabs of the earth’s crust move against each other. 25

26. Review of Terms
Tsunami: a rapid earth changing process that happens when an earthquake occurs on the ocean floor. It pushes water that becomes a large wave as it reaches the shore.
Landslide: a rapid earth changing process that occurs when gravity pulls rocks and gravel down a hill or mountain side.
Flood: a rapid earth changing process that occurs when water covers land that would otherwise be dry. It can wash away soil and deposits the soil in other places. 26

27. Review of Terms
Eruption: the process by which solid, liquid, and gaseous materials are ejected into the earth’s atmosphere and onto the earth’s surface by volcanic activity
Lava: molten rock above ground
Magma: molten rock under ground
Volcano: a vent in the Earth’s crust from which molten rock, hot steam, and other materials may emerge 27