1. Settlement in Canada

2. Where we’ve been, where we’re going…
We’ve learned about who the people in Canada are
Demography
Birth rate / death rate – natural increase
Immigration / emigration – net migration
Dependency load
Baby boomers
Aboriginal People
**We will cover immigration next week **
Now we’ll learn where the people are… why they’re there…. And why we should care…

3. Big Idea
The distribution and characteristics of human settlement in Canada are determined by many factors and may change over time.
Canada’s population is not evenly distributed.
To think about:
- How are settlements in Canada distributed ?
- What are the characteristics of these settlements ?
- What factors determine where people settle?
- How can settlements change over time?

4. Where are the people ? By the US-Canada border (south of country)
South – East

5. Where are the Aboriginal People ?

6. Where are the French-speaking people?

7. Where are the foreign-born people?

8. Population Distribution vs. Population Density
Population Distribution: refers to the pattern of settlement
People live spread out form one another or close together
Population Density: refers to the number of people living in a square kilometre (km2)
High population density means crowded
Low population density means

10. Settlement Patterns : Linear
Occurs along major highways in rural areas
Exists along ocean shores in areas where fishing is a big industry
Along a river

11. Settlement Patterns : Scattered
Low population density
Typical in rural areas where people live in farms

12. Settlement Pattern: Concentrated
High population density
Occurs where natural resources are present
Natural resources >> people settle close >> attract more people / families grow >> services >> before you know it you have a town!
Canada’s settlement patterns vary – sometimes rural (scattered) sometimes urban (concentrated)
Toronto

14. Rural Settlement Patterns
Occurs outside cities or towns
Low population density
Dispersed population distribution pattern
Think:
What influenced rural settlement?
Why would you settle there?

15. Factors that Influence Rural Settlement
Type of resources in area
What’s there? Water? Animals for hunting? Fish? Fertile land? Oil?
Ex. Southwestern Ontario has some of most fertile land in Canada
Transportation methods available
If you can only access a place by boat, the place will develop along water
After 1880 – railroad built – resulted in settlements near railroads

16. In class – quickly
Compare living in rural areas with living in urban areas

17. Historical Types of Rural Settlement
Long Lots of Southern Quebec
Rich agricultural resources attracted people here
Long lot pattern
so everyone can have access to water (St. Lawrence River)
Taxes based on river frontage (so unless you were rich, you could only afford a bit of land directly beside water and expand away from water)

18. Historical Types of Rural Settlement
Concession System of Southern Ontario
Rural settlement based off roads (not water)
Land surveyed (portioned off, divided) into blocks
Group of blocks = township, group of township = county

19. Toronto

20. What factors determine settlement / location?
Why there ?
What factors determine settlement / location?

21. If you are….
…A family of 4, with two young children – where would you go?
…A new family to Canada – where would you go?
…A recent university graduate – where would you go?
…A newly retired teacher – where would you go?
…An owner of a lumber (wood production) company – where would you go?
…A fisherman – where would you go?

22. Why there? It depends! What are some factors to consider for location?
On your needs
On the resources available
What are some factors to consider for location?
- Take 2 minutes to jot down what you would consider….

23. What determines location?
Climate – warm, cold, rainy, sunny, windy…
Landform – mountains, flat, hills, lakes
Availability/proximity of resources – near water, near oil, near food
Transport – train, buses, roads
Energy – type of energy, clean energy? Expensive?
Social service – social housing, schools, hospitals, community centres…
Cultural attitudes – no sexism, no ageism, no homophobia, no racism, open to ‘difference’
Communication networks – linked to the rest of the world …

24. Class/Home work Compare Nunavut to Ontario Read the article on Nunavut
Write a 50-word response on it (What did you already know? What did you learn? What surprised you most? What questions do you have after reading the article?)
Complete the chart (in point form) comparing Nunavut and Ontario (do no worry about the Canada column)
- Use the end of Chapter 17 (Creating Nunavut) and the internet for extra information

25. Nunavut
Life in Iqaluit

26. Trends in Migration / Changes in Settlement
Canada on the move!
Trends in Migration / Changes in Settlement

27. Big Idea
The distribution and characteristics of human settlement in Canada are determined by many factors and may change over time.
Canada’s population is not evenly distributed.
To think about:
- How are settlements in Canada distributed ?
- What are the characteristics of these settlements ?
- What factors determine where people settle?
- How can settlements change over time?

28. Trends in Migration (within Canada)
Rural to Urban (What is this trend called?)
Aboriginal People moving to cities (urban)
East to West
WHAT DOES THIS ALL MEAN FOR US ?! Consequences… Impacts… Changes…

29. Trend #1: Rural to Urban Why would people want to do this?
What impact would that have on society?
URBANIZATION
- Movement of people from rural to urban areas

30. Trend #2: Aboriginal People moving to cities (urban centres)
Why would they want to do this?
What impact does this have on Native communities?
What impact does this have on the cities?
What impact does this have on Canada?

31. Trend #3: People from central/eastern provinces move to Alberta
Why ?
Alberta has a lot of a much needed natural resource = OIL
Needed natural resources > jobs (to extract it) > people go there to work > eventually start families > towns are established

32. VERY BRIEF INTRO TO OIL SANDS
Our society is currently very dependent on oil.
Oil can be found deep underground in limited supply (we WILL eventually run out of oil).
Oil is used for too many things
To make plastics
To make lubricants for machinery
To make asphalt (used in road construction)
To fuel our cars
To provide electricity
To make products like TVs, sneakers, computers…

33. Oil Sands Oil Sands = deposit of Bitumen (Oil) + Sand + Water
Athabasca Oil Sand (Alberta) is largest and most advanced

34. Questions to consider Where do people live in Canada and why?
What patterns do you see in the location of First Nations reserves across Canada?
What are some factors that account for the location of reserves?
What are some physical factors that may influence the location of a settlement?
How might access to transportation influence the development and density of communities?
Why do people live where they do?
What would you do to attract people to a particular location?
Why would people choose to leave a rural life and move to an urban settlement?
Why would people choose to move to another province or territory?
What are the impacts of these trends on society?