1. I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena February 22 Next Generation Internet Architectures: Current Status and Challenges Fábio Luciano Verdi University of Campinas (Unicamp), Brazil

2. I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena February 22 Agenda Introduction and Background –Current status of the Internet –Problems Some current proposals –IETF –Content Networks Pub/sub approach/paradigm Current work of our group: architecture and some results The future Internet: desired features Discussion

3. I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena February 22 Introduction and Background Some years ago…

4. I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena February 22 Introduction and Background But it works! Today…

5. I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena February 22 Introduction and Background Naming Shortage of Addresses Security Mobility Why so sad?

6. I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena February 22 Introduction and Background Naming DNS Shortage of IP Addresses NAT Security IPSec Mobility Mobile IP E2E principle was broken Internet Ossification

7. I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena February 22 Introduction and Background Novel services: –Multimedia –New types of data: voice –IPTV –QoS Mobility more dynamic, new places, maybe everywhere! Heterogeneity IPv4 / IPv6 Security can be affected by mobility, different threats Multihoming: end-host multihoming and AS/ISP multihoming (DFZ problem) IPv4 is to run out on 22 nd May 2010!!! Even more problems…

8. I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena February 22 Introduction and Background Start immediately a NGI proposal! Take into account the experience and the lessons learned so far Although we want to construct a forever architecture, this is IMPOSSIBLE: unknown situations Try to make it simple!!! What should be done?

9. I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena February 22 Introduction and Background The most basic principle: IP = identifier + locator separation between identifier and locator

10. I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena February 22 Introduction and Background 128 bits namespace (solves the lack of IPv4 addresses) Solves the IP semantic overload Enables new functionalities, like mobility, multihoming and heterogeneous network integration Identifier Locator Application Dynamic Binding socket Application Locator socket Locator Static Binding TCP/IP ID Layer

11. I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena February 22 Introduction and Background We know it is the main solution!!!! But new challenges appear… Identifier-based routing X resolution –Where the resolution is done Several approaches Common assumptions: most of the approaches consider to have a box in the border of the ISPs/domains Host-based X network-based

12. I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena February 22 Introduction and Background ITR ETR Mapping EIDs to LOC Cache Query end host

13. I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena February 22 Agenda Introduction and Background –Current status of the Internet –Problems Some current proposals –IETF –Content Networks Pub/sub approach/paradigm Current work of our group: architecture and some results The future Internet: desired features Discussion

14. I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena February 22 IETF LISP (NERD, CONS) IPvLX (draft): IPv6 acts as identifiers and IPv4 acts as locators eFIT: Separate provider addresses from client addresses (draft, paper at ACM IPv6-August 2007) IETF proposals (or based on)

15. I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena February 22 Others ROFL (Sigcomm 2006) UIP (hotnets 2003, 2004, others) DONA Our nodeID extended: –NID / DID approach

16. I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena February 22 IETF: LISP LISP 1 –Routable IDs over existing topology to probe for mapping reply LISP 1.5 –Routable IDs over another topology to probe for mapping reply LISP 2 –EIDs are not routable and mappings are in DNS LISP 3 –EIDs are not routable, mappings obtained using new mechanisms (DHTs perhaps, LISP-CONS, NERD, APT) Data-Plane Mapping Control-Plane Mapping

17. I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena February 22 IETF: IPvLX IP with virtual Link Extension Envisions a long-term IPv6/IPv4 coexistence, with IPv6 addresses serving as identifiers (and sometimes also locators) and IPv4 addresses serving as locators (and sometimes also identifiers) The scheme uses IPv6 for end system interface identification and simple network middleboxes to extend virtual links (VLs) across one or more IPv4 networks

18. I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena February 22 IETF: eFIT enable Future Internet innovation through Transit wire Separate user networks and transit provider networks in terms of both addressing and routing User networks correspond to business, universities, and organizations: they run applications to communicate with other user networks over the Internet Transit networks are ISPs, whose goal is to realize and sell end-to-end data delivery service

19. I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena February 22 Some Current Proposals: Limitations Updates to the mapping are intended to be relatively rare Not indicated for fast mobility Mapping at the edges Involves an ambitious Replicator system Cache invalidation Flooding/distributed servers Time for lookups

20. I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena February 22 Agenda Introduction and Background –Current status of the Internet –Problems Some current proposals –IETF –Content Networks Pub/sub approach/paradigm Current work of our group: architecture and some results The future Internet: desired features Discussion

21. I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena February 22 Content Networks It is a new paradigm! Content-centric / data-oriented paradigm –Publish/Subscribe communication model –Information is indexed by keys and retrieved by subscription. Protocols are declarative –Say what you want, not where to get it from Data is self-certified –Self-validating data (hash, signature, PKI) –Secure the data not the channel Routers/nodes become network processors –Are caches of content, indexes, and buffers. –Forward information while caching, in the style of MANETS, DTNs, sensor and P2P.

22. I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena February 22 Traditional Internet vs. Content-Centric New Internet

23. I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena February 22 Pub/Sub Communication Model P S Publisher Rendevouz Subscription Routing Dissemination of Publications Content Advertisements Publisher Subscriber

24. I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena February 22 Agenda Introduction and Background –Current status of the Internet –Problems Some current proposals –IETF –Content Networks Pub/sub approach/paradigm Current work of our group: architecture and some results The future Internet: desired features Discussion

25. I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena February 22 Current work of our group: architecture and some results Functionalities –Name Resolution –Mobility –Multihoming –Flat Routing –Security –Heterogeneity –Legacy Applications Support

26. I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena February 22 Internet Model

27. I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena February 22 Network Mobility RVS Client Gw Msg SV DHT Client DHCP Client Control plane Security Mgr NID Routing Conn Mapper Flat Routing Support NID Filter DNS Handler Legacy Appl. Support Security Packet Handler NID Mapper Identity Layer ASI ANI ARI Internal Modules DHCP DNS DHTRVS External Modules

28. I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena February 22 Results Name Resolution (DNS and TXT records) Registration (RVS and DHT) Data transfer Intra-domain mobility Inter-domain mobility (node and domains) Multihoming Heterogeneous networks (IPv4/IPv6) Network Composition

29. I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena February 22 Results: Composition

30. I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena February 22 Agenda Introduction and Background –Current status of the Internet –Problems Some current proposals –IETF –Content Networks Pub/sub approach/paradigm Current work of our group: architecture and some results The future Internet: desired features Discussion

31. I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena February 22 The future Internet: desired features Jon Crowcroft: Toward a Network Architecture that does Everything Communications of the ACM, January 2008

32. I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena February 22 The future Internet: desired features Unbind identity and location Flat and cryptographic global identifier Flat routing Heterogeneous network integration Support to legacy applications (transparency)

33. I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena February 22 The future Internet: desired features Clean Slate X Patching More business-oriented Focus on data (content-based routing) Sender-oriented receiver-oriented Natural or built-in mechanisms for multihoming, security and mobility Context-awareness

34. I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena February 22 Discussion Challenges –Deployability –Scalability –Compensation mechanisms –Trust –Reputation –Unwanted traffic –…

35. I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena February 22 Thanks! http://www.dca.fee.unicamp.br/~verdi