1. PSERC Workshop – August 5, 2008
New AGC control for dispatch of storage facilities and loads
Proposed research project to explore a new AGC dispatch algorithm to accommodate intermittent generation resources, fast energy storage facilities, and responsive loads.
David Hawkins - CAISO
PSERC Workshop – August 5, 2008

2. Research Objectives for new AGC control
“Look Ahead” feature to anticipate the direction of intermittent resources such as wind, solar generation.
Take advantage of “fast ramping” resources such as battery and flywheel storage systems to provide fast regulation and reduce the amount of total regulation resources needed.
Accommodate the need for frequent charge/discharge cycles for storage facilities
Include use of dispatchable loads for large ACE events
Leave thermal generation units at optimum set points as much as possible to minimize green house gas production

3. Today’s EMS control system
Objective is to meet NERC control performance standards and return generating units that are providing regulation services to their energy set points by supplemental energy dispatches to other units every 5 minutes

4. Potential use of Energy Storage for ACE and Frequency Control

5. Potential use of Energy Storage for ACE and Frequency Control
A 100 MVA Energy storage system could potentially manage more than 90% of the ACE variations

7. Storage Technology Pump Storage Compressed Air Storage
Flow Based Battery Storage
Zinc-bromine
Vanadium redox that uses sulphuric acid
Sodium-bromide
High Speed Flywheel Storage
Battery storage – NAS Batteries and LI Batteries
Hydrogen Storage

8. Storage Technology – High Speed Flywheels
Flywheel Energy storage project for AGC Regulation Service and frequency control. Test system installed in Sept at the Research Center in San Ramon. Research project successfully completed 2007
Test system was 100 KVA to demonstrate proof of concept and validation of technical and economic performance
Next step is a 20 MVA facility
A “Megawatt in a Box”
Beacon Power technology
(10) 25-kWh flywheels
1 MW for 15 minutes
Quick deployment
ABC 8

9. Demand Response Programs
4 Types required
Price Sensitive load that is willing to reduce demand for the right price. Demand that is bid into Day-Ahead markets to reduce peak load
Interruptible Load – Loads that are willing to be interrupted or curtailed under emergency conditions – Stage 2 Emergencies – and will immediately take action in response to a dispatch notice.
Frequency sensitive load – Load that is willing to turn off or reduce consumption due to a drop is system frequency. Example is Plug-In Hybrid Vehicles that will automatically stop charging their batteries when the frequency is low.
Load that is willing to change based on availability of excess wind generation production

10. Future EMS control system

11. Proposed research project
CAISO would provide wind, freq., ACE data set and forward forecast of intermittent resources
Joint effort to model storage technology characteristics
Ramping speed
Energy consumption
Other
Optimization objectives
Potential variables – amount of storage, amount of load that is on control, accuracy of forward forecast
MATLAB modeling of control functions
Report on design and results achieved and potential savings