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Genetics/Zoology Semester Exam Review
Scientific Inquiry, Chemistry of Life, The Cell, Cell Cycle and Mitosis, Mendel and Meiosis
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Investigate and understand, explain events in nature, derived explanations to make useful predictions What are the goals of science?
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Hypothesis You state that the presence of water could accelerate bread mold growth. This is a(n
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Educated guess Define hypothesis
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Define controlled variables.
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Single variable A controlled experiment allows the scientist to isolate and test
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Work can be repeated, experimental procedures can be reviewed, others can try to reproduce the results Scientist publish the details of important experiments so that
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Theory When enough experimental data supports a hypothesis, becomes a(n)
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The living world Biology is the study of
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Pages 16 & 17 List the characteristics of living things.
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Ecosystem List the levels of organization includes all of the other levels?
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meter In the metric system, the basic unit of length is the
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240,000 How many centimeters are there in 2.4 km?
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100 On the Celsius temperature scale, how many degrees are between the freezing and boiling points of water?
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Always follow directions
What safety is the number one safety rule we discussed in class?
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Protons, neutrons, electrons
The three particles that make up an atom are
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11 If an atom contains 11 protons and 12 neutrons, its atomic number is
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Positive What type of ion forms when an atom loses an electron?
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Of water and dissolved particles
Suspensions are mixtures
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0-14, <7, >7, What is the pH range and define acid, base and buffer?
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A substance with a pH of 6 is called
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Solutions that contain concentrations of H⁺ ions lower than pure water are
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Carbohydrate A monosaccharide is a
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Carbohydrates Which of the following organic compounds is the main source of energy for living things?
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Help fight disease, control the rate of the reaction, build muscles and tissues
What are the functions of proteins?
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Activation energy What is the term used to describe the energy needed to get a reaction started?
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Lower the activation energy of chemical reactions
List the characteristics of catalyst.
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Speed of the reaction Enzymes affect the reactions in living cells by changing the
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Robert Hooke Who was the first person to identify and see cells?
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Cells are the basic unit of life, all living things are made of cells, all cells are produced from other cells Define and list principles of cell theory.
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Cell membrane The thin flexible barrier around the cell is called the
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Nucleus Cell structure that contains the cell’s genetic material and controls the cell’s activities is
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Nuclei Prokaryotes lack
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A nucleus, cell organelles, genetic material
Eukaryotes usually contain
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Bacteria, Plant or Animal cell
List an example of a prokaryote. Eukaryote.
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Microtubules and microfilaments
Which structures carry out movement?
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Helps cell maintain shape, move, organelles within the cell move
What are the functions of the cytoskeleton?
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Mitochondria and chloroplast
Which organelle help provide the cell with energy?
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Groups of tissues that perform a specific funciton
Organs are
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Tissue A group of cells that perform similar functions is called a(n)
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Stomach, Esophagus, Small intestine, Large intestine
Give an example of a digestive system organ.
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Provides daughter cells with its own copy of DNA, increases surface area of the original cell, reduces the original cell’s volume How does cell division solve problems with cell growth?
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It has grown to full size
If a normal cell divides, you can assume that
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Each daughter cell receives a copy of the parent’s DNA
What happens when a cell divides?
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Interphase, Mitosis, Cytokinesis
What events occur during the cell cycle?
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G1, S, G2 What occurs during interphase?
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Cell plate One difference between cell division in plants and animal cells is that plant cells have
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Four chromosomes During normal mitotic cell division, a parent cell having four chromosomes will produce two daughter cells, each containing
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Growth factors, cyclins, p53
What regulates the cell cycle?
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Growth rate Cancer is a disorder in which some cells have lost the ability to control their
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Heredity (inheritances of traits)
Gregor Mendel used pea plants to study
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Genes What are Mendel’s factors called today?
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The allele for tall plants is dominant
When Mendel crossed true-breeding tall plants with true-breeding short plants, all the offspring were tall because
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Homozygous Organisms with two identical alleles for a particular trait are said to be
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Principle of independent assortment
What principle states that during gamete formation genes for different traits separate without influencing each other’s inheritance?
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All organisms Mendel’s principles of genetics apply to
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N The number of chromosomes in a gamete is represented by the symbol
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Meiosis Gametes are produced by the process of
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Define crossing over.
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Four genetically different cells
Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of
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Tetrads rarely form during mitosis.
Crossing-over rarely occurs in mitosis, unlike meiosis. Why?
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