1. Energy Sources

2. NONRENEWABLE RESOURCES
A natural resource that cannot be
re-made or re-grown before they are completely used.

3. Examples of non-renewable resources:
Nuclear energy
Coal
Petroleum
Natural gas

4. Nonrenewable energy resources removed from the earth’s crust include: oil, natural gas, coal, and uranium 4

5. NUCLEAR ENERGY Uses uranium to create energy. Splits uranium atom
Process is called nuclear fission.
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6. Nuclear Energy Cons Pros No greenhouse gases or CO2 emissions
Efficient at transforming energy into electricity
Uranium reserves are abundant
Refueled yearly
Cons
Higher capital costs due to safety, emergency, containment, radioactive waste, and storage systems
Problem of long-term storage of radioactive waste
Heated waste water from nuclear plants harms aquatic life (fish, plants)

7. Three Mile Island
March 29, 1979, a reactor near Harrisburg, PA lost coolant water because of mechanical and human errors and suffered a partial meltdown
50,000 people evacuated & another 50,000 fled area
Unknown amounts of radioactive materials released
Partial cleanup & damages cost $1.2 billion
Released radiation increased cancer rates. 7

8. Chernobyl
April 26, 1986, reactor explosion (Ukraine) flung radioactive debris into atmosphere
Health ministry reported 3,576 deaths
Green Peace estimates32,000 deaths;
About 400,000 people were forced to leave their homes
~160,000 sq km (62,00 sq mi) contaminated
> Half million people exposed to dangerous levels of radioactivity
Cost of incident > $358 billion 8

9. Effects of Chernobyl nuclear disaster9

10. Fukushima disaster – Japan, March 2011
before
Earthquake, followed by tsunami – subsequent loss of power to cool reactors, plus fire at plant

11. COAL, PETROLEUM, AND GAS
Coal, petroleum, and natural gas are considered nonrenewable because they can not be replenished in a short period of time. These are called fossil fuels. They are made of hydrocarbons.
• Oil and natural gas can provide three times as much energy as an equal mass of wood

12. HOW IS COAL MADE ???

13. Coal Energy Pros Cons Most abundant fossil fuel
Currently inexpensive to extract
Reliable and capable of generating large amounts of power
Cons
Emits major greenhouse gases/acid rain
High environmental impact from mining and burning, although cleaner coal-burning technology is being developed
Mining can be dangerous for miners

14. Natural gas A mixture of methane and other gases.
Used to produce electricity, heat homes and water, Industry (heat for warmth and producing things), vehicles, cooking

15. Natural Gas Pros Cons Widely available Cleanest-burning fossil fuel
Often used in combination with other fuels to decrease pollution in electricity generation
Made safe by adding artificial odor so that people can easily smell the gas in case of a leak
Cons
Transportation costs are high
Lack of infrastructure makes gas resources unavailable from some areas
Burns cleanly, but still has emissions
Pipelines impact ecosystems

16. Oil/Petroleum
Deposits of crude oil often are trapped within the earth's crust and can be extracted by drilling a well
Used in industry to power machinery
and in transportation

17. Oil/Petroleum
Things made from petroleum. click the image

18. HOW ARE OIL AND GAS MADE ???

19. Oil/Petroleum Pros Cons Efficient transportation fuel for the world
Basis of many products, from prescription drugs to plastics
Economical to produce
Easy to transport
Cons
High CO2 emissions
Found in limited areas
Supply may be used before natural gas/coal resources
Possible environmental impact from drilling/transporting

20. HMMMM....
If nonrenewable resources are resources that cannot be re-made at a scale comparable to its consumption, what are renewable resources?

21. RENEWABLE RESOURCES
Renewable resources are natural resources that can be replenished in a short period of time.
● Solar ● Geothermal
● Wind ● Biomass
● Water

22. Why is energy from the sun renewable?
SOLAR
Energy from the sun.
Why is energy from the sun renewable?

23. Solar Energy Pros Most abundant energy source Clean= nonpolluting
Systems can last years
Cons
High initial investment
Dependent on sunny days
Requires large physical space

24. Energy from Earth’s heat. Why is geothermal renewable?

27. Geothermal Energy Pro Minimal environmental impact Efficient
Power plants have low emissions
Low cost after the initial investment
Cons
Fields found in few areas around the world
Expensive start-up costs
Wells could eventually be depleted

28. Why is energy from the wind renewable?

30. Wind Energy Pros Cons No emissions Affordable
Little disruption of ecosystems
Relatively high energy output
Cons
Dependent upon wind speed
Not attainable for all geographic locations
High initial investment/ongoing maintenance costs
Extensive land use
Disrupt migrant bird patterns

31. BIOMASS Energy from burning organic or living matter.
Examples include:
Wood, leaves, food wastes, and manure.
Why is this renewable?

32. Biomass Energy Cons Pros Abundant supply
Fewer emissions than fossil fuel sources
Can be used in diesel engines
Auto engines easily convert to run on biomass fuel
Cons
Source must be near usage to cut transportation costs
Emits some pollution as gas/liquid waste
Increases emissions of nitrogen oxides, an air pollutant
Uses some fossil fuels in conversion

33. WATER or HYDROELECTRIC
Energy from the flow of water.
Why is energy of flowing water renewable?

35. Hydroelectricity Pros No emissions Reliable
Capable of generating large amounts of power
Output can be regulated to meet demand
Cons
Environmental impacts by changing the environment in the dam area
Hydroelectric dams are expensive to build
Dams may be affected by drought

36. Energy Efficiency
Energy efficiency – the amount of useful energy produced compared to the amount wasted as heat; built into the device or system, unavoidable waste
Examples of levels of energy efficiency:
human body:
20-25%
incandescent lightbulb: 5%
internal combustion engine:
steam turbine:
45%

37. Energy Conservation
Energy conservation – making an effort to reduce the amount of energy used… some waste can be avoided

38. What are the differences between nonrenewable and renewable resources?
SUMMARY
What are the differences between nonrenewable and renewable resources?