1. Education and Religion
Chapter 13
Education and Religion

2. Education in Global Perspective
Education and Industrialization
In the early years of the United States, there was no free public education
As industrialization progressed and fewer people made their living from farming:
Formal education came to be regarded as essential to the well-being of society
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4. Education in Global Perspective
Education in Japan
Emphasis on Solidarity Within Group
Discourages Competition among Individuals
Education in Russia
Education, including College, was Free
Post-Soviet Russia is Reinventing Education
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5. Education in Global Perspective
Education in Egypt
Most People Work so Find Little Need for Education
Mandatory Attendance Laws that Exist are Not Enforced
Most Cannot Afford Education
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6. Functionalist Perspective: Providing Social Benefits
Teaching Knowledge and Skills
Cultural Transmission of Values
Social Integration
Gatekeeping
Replacing Family Functions
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7. Conflict Perspective: Perpetuating Social Inequality
The Hidden Curriculum
Tilting the Tests: Discrimination by IQ
Stacking the Deck: Unequal Funding
The Bottom Line: Family Background
Reproducing the Social Class Structure
Reproducing the Racial–Ethnic Structure
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10. Symbolic Interactionist Perspective: Fulfilling Teacher Expectations
The Rist Research
Rist: each child’s journey through school was determined by the eighth day of kindergarten!
How Do Teacher Expectations Work?
How teacher expectations affect grades
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11. Problems in U.S. Education
Rising Tide of Mediocrity
Cheating on SATs
Grade Inflation
Social Promotion
Functional Illiteracy
Grade Inflation, Social Promotion, and Functional Illiteracy
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12. Solutions in U.S. Education
Higher Standards
Raising them for Teachers
Raising them for Students
Warning About Higher Standards
Cheating
Violence
A Secure Learning Environment
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15. Three Elements of Religion
Beliefs that Some Things are Sacred
Practices Centering on Things Considered Sacred
A Moral Community Resulting from a Group’s Beliefs and Practices
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16. The Functionalist Perspective
Functions of Religion
Questions about Ultimate Meaning
Emotional Comfort
Social Solidarity
Guidelines for Everyday Life
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17. The Functionalist Perspective
Social Control
Social Change
Dysfunctions of Religion
Religion as Justification for Persecution
War and Terrorism
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18. Symbolic Interactionist Perspective
Focus on the meanings that people give their experiences
Religious Symbols
Rituals
Beliefs
Religious Experience
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19. Conflict Perspective Marx’s Opium of the People
Legitimization of Social Inequalities
Social Arrangements Represent God’s Desires
Divine Rights of Kings
Pharaoh as God
Hindu Cast System
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20. Religion and the Spirit of Capitalism - Weber
Max Weber disagreed with the conflict perspective
Weber observed the early industrialization of Europe
Source of Profound Social Change
Religion Held the Key to Modernization
The spirit of capitalism
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21. Types of Religious Groups
Cults
Begin with Charismatic Leader
All Religions Started this Way
Most Cults Fail
Sects
Loosely Organized and Fairly Small
Emphasize Personal Salvation
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22. Types of Religious Groups
Churches
Highly Bureaucratized
National and International
Relationship with God Less Intense
Ecclesia
State Religions; part of Cultural Identification
Variations in Patterns
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24. Religion in the U.S. Characteristics of Members
Social Class
Race-Ethnicity
Characteristics of Religious Groups
Diversity
Pluralism and Freedom
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25. Religion in the U.S. Competition and Recruitment Commitment Toleration
Fundamentalist Revival
The Electronic Church
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28. The Future of Religion Religion Thrives Science Cannot Tell Us About…
The Existence of God
The Purpose of Life
An Afterlife
Morality
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